¿Tiene United States visado de nómada digital?

No hay visado específico de nómada digital; vías disponibles: Estancia sin visado, Visado de negocios, Visado de negocios, Visado nacional, Programa especial, Programa especial.

USEntrada · residencia · estancia de larga duración

Formas legales de vivir en United States.

United States ofrece actualmente 6 vías activas de interés para trabajadores remotos. No hay un visado específico de nómada digital, así que las alternativas prácticas importan. Las condiciones de abajo proceden de fuentes oficiales de inmigración; filtra por tu nacionalidad.

Verificado 1 ago 2026

6 vías de legalización · 9 fuentes · solo fuentes oficiales de inmigración

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6 vías de legalización

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Un mapa compacto de todas las opciones documentadas para United States. Empieza por los requisitos y la duración, y abre después las condiciones completas.

01Visa Waiver Program (ESTA) — 90-day business or tourist entryCómo entrar · Estancia sin visadoQuién puede acogerseEU citizens, UK citizensDuración3 mesesSin vía directa a la residencia permanente
02O-1A visa — extraordinary ability in the sciences, education, business or athleticsCómo entrar · Visado nacionalQuién puede acogerseTodas las nacionalidadesDuración3 años +Sin vía directa a la residencia permanente
03B-1/B-2 visitor visa (business or pleasure)Quedarse a largo plazo · Visado de negociosQuién puede acogerseTodas las nacionalidadesDuración6 meses +Sin vía directa a la residencia permanente
04E-2 treaty investorQuedarse a largo plazo · Visado de negociosQuién puede acogerseTodas las nacionalidadesDuración2 años +Sin vía directa a la residencia permanente
05EB-1A green card — extraordinary ability (self-petition)Quedarse a largo plazo · Programa especialQuién puede acogerseTodas las nacionalidadesDuración10 años +→ vía a la residencia permanente
06Diversity Immigrant Visa (green card lottery)Quedarse a largo plazo · Programa especialQuién puede acogerseTodas salvo US citizensDuración10 años +→ vía a la residencia permanente

Cómo entrar

Quién puede entrar en United States y en qué condiciones: periodos sin visado y visados de entrada.

01Cómo entrar

Estancia sin visadoactivo

Visa Waiver Program (ESTA) — 90-day business or tourist entry

Para: EU citizens, UK citizens

us-visa-waiver-esta

Duración: 3 meses
Vía a la residencia permanente: No
Familia: No incluida

Requisitos (5)

01Citizenship of one of the 42 countries designated in the Visa Waiver Program by the Department of Homeland Security
02An electronic passport with a machine-readable zone and a biometric chip (mandatory since 1 April 2016)
03An approved Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) obtained before boarding
04Purpose limited to business or tourism; stays of up to 90 days, which cannot be extended
05Not eligible for the programme if you have travelled to certain designated countries since 2011 or hold dual nationality with them (Visa Waiver Program Improvement and Terrorist Travel Prevention Act of 2015)

Qué implica esta vía

Implicaciones fiscales:

Ninety days a year is well short of the substantial presence test (31 days in the current year and a weighted 183 days over three years), so a single VWP stay does not make you a US tax resident. Repeated long visits can: three consecutive years of 90-day stays count 90 + 30 + 15 = 135 weighted days, still under the line, but four months a year crosses it. Working remotely for a foreign employer during a VWP stay is not authorised employment in the United States and sits in the same grey zone as everywhere else.

Contexto importante

Modelled for the citizenship groups in our registry. Not every EU member state is designated — the Visa Waiver Program list is maintained by DHS and changes, so check the current list rather than assuming an EU passport qualifies. The CBP page carries a last-modified date of November 2024 and still states 42 countries. A VWP entry cannot be extended and cannot be changed into another status from inside the country, which is precisely what makes it useless as a settlement route: you leave and re-enter, at an officer's discretion each time.

02Cómo entrar

Visado nacionalactivo

O-1A visa — extraordinary ability in the sciences, education, business or athletics

Para: Todas las nacionalidades

us-o1a-extraordinary-ability

Duración: 3 años, renovable
Vía a la residencia permanente: No
Familia: Incluida

Requisitos (4)

01Sustained national or international acclaim, evidenced by a major internationally recognised award or by at least three of the regulatory criteria (awards, membership of selective associations, published material about you, judging others' work, original contributions of major significance, scholarly articles, critical employment at distinguished organisations, high remuneration)
02A US employer, US agent, or foreign employer acting through a US agent must file Form I-129 on your behalf — there is no self-petition
03A written advisory opinion from a peer group, labor organisation or expert in the field
04Contracts or a summary of the terms of the work to be performed, and an itinerary of events or activities

Qué implica esta vía

Implicaciones fiscales:

O-1A holders resident in the United States are taxed as residents on worldwide income once they meet the substantial presence test.

Contexto importante

The route that senior independent professionals actually use, and the reason it matters to freelancers is the US-agent provision: a self-employed person can be petitioned by a US agent representing multiple employers, so an employer-employee relationship is not strictly required. It still demands a documented record of acclaim, a peer advisory opinion and a petitioner willing to file — this is a months-long, lawyer-shaped process, not an application form. Extensions come in one-year increments and there is no cap on them, but O-1A itself grants no permanent residence; holders who want to stay typically pair it with an EB-1A petition.

Quedarse a largo plazo

Motivos para residir —negocio, empleo, programas especiales— con las condiciones para cumplirlos.

03Quedarse a largo plazo

Visado de negociosactivo

B-1/B-2 visitor visa (business or pleasure)

Para: Todas las nacionalidades

us-b1-b2-visitor

Duración: 6 meses, renovable
Vía a la residencia permanente: No
Familia: No incluida

Requisitos (5)

01Consular interview at a US embassy or consulate; the applicant must overcome the statutory presumption of immigrant intent by showing ties abroad
02Purpose limited to business meetings, conferences, negotiations and consultations (B-1) or tourism, visits and medical treatment (B-2) — not productive employment in the United States
03Proof of sufficient funds for the stay and of a residence abroad the applicant does not intend to abandon
04Admission is granted by a border officer, not the visa: a B-2 visitor who is otherwise admissible must be admitted for at least six months (8 CFR 214.2(b)(2))
05Extensions are requested on Form I-539 in increments of no more than six months

Qué implica esta vía

Implicaciones fiscales:

Six months of physical presence in a calendar year crosses the substantial presence test on its own (31 days in the current year plus a weighted 183 over three years), which would make the visitor a US tax resident on worldwide income. This is the trap in treating a B-2 as a long stay: the immigration status permits the visit while the tax code starts treating you as a resident.

Contexto importante

The closest thing the United States has to a long-stay option for someone with no employer, no investment and no extraordinary-ability case — and it is not a residence route. It carries no work authorisation, gives no path to permanent residence, and repeated long stays invite refusal of entry. Regulation permits admission of up to a year; six months is the normal grant.

04Quedarse a largo plazo

Visado de negociosactivo

E-2 treaty investor

Para: Todas las nacionalidades

us-e2-treaty-investor

Duración: 2 años, renovable
Vía a la residencia permanente: No
Familia: Incluida

Requisitos (5)

01Nationality of a country with which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and navigation, or a qualifying international agreement — the Department of State maintains the treaty-country list
02A substantial investment of capital in a bona fide US enterprise, irrevocably committed and at risk; no fixed dollar minimum is set by statute
03The enterprise must be real and operating, and more than marginal — it must generate more than enough income to support the investor and family
04The investor must own at least 50% of the enterprise or have operational control, and must be entering to develop and direct it
05An intention to depart the United States when the status ends

Qué implica esta vía

Implicaciones fiscales:

E-2 holders living in the United States meet the substantial presence test and are taxed as residents on worldwide income. Business profits flow through the chosen US structure — see the sole-proprietor schemes for the resulting burden, which varies by state.

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Contexto importante

Renewable without limit, which makes it the closest the United States gets to an open-ended self-employment residence — but it is explicitly non-immigrant: the holder must keep an intention to depart, so time on an E-2 builds no entitlement to permanent residence. Two hard filters: your nationality must be on the treaty list (India, China and Russia are not on it; most of the EU is), and 'substantial investment' means real money in a real operating business, not a laptop and a client list. USCIS deliberately sets no dollar figure — it is judged in proportion to the cost of the enterprise.

05Quedarse a largo plazo

Programa especialactivo

EB-1A green card — extraordinary ability (self-petition)

Para: Todas las nacionalidades

us-eb1a-extraordinary-ability

Duración: 10 años, renovable
Vía a la residencia permanente: Sí
Familia: Incluida

Requisitos (4)

01Extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business or athletics demonstrated through sustained national or international acclaim
02Evidence of a one-time major achievement (such as a Pulitzer, Oscar or Olympic medal) or at least three of the ten regulatory criteria
03Evidence that you will continue to work in the area of your expertise in the United States
04No job offer and no labor certification required — the applicant files Form I-140 on their own behalf

06Quedarse a largo plazo

Programa especialactivo

Diversity Immigrant Visa (green card lottery)

Para: Todas salvo US citizens

us-diversity-visa-lottery

Duración: 10 años, renovable
Vía a la residencia permanente: Sí
Familia: Incluida

Requisitos (4)

01Be a native of an eligible country — the Department of State excludes natives of countries that have sent more than 50,000 immigrants to the United States over the previous five years, and republishes the ineligible list with each year's instructions
02Hold at least a high-school education or its equivalent, or two years of qualifying work experience within the last five years
03Submit the entry during the annual registration window; there is no fee to enter
04If selected, be admissible to the United States and complete consular processing, or file Form I-485 to adjust status if already legally resident in the country

Qué implica esta vía

Implicaciones fiscales:

Winning grants permanent residence, and with it US taxation on worldwide income for as long as the status is held.

Contexto importante

Up to 50,000 green cards a year drawn at random — the only route on this page that asks for neither money nor acclaim, and the only one whose odds are published: entries routinely run into the millions, so single-digit-percentage chances are normal, and selection is not the same as a visa, because more people are selected than there are visas. The audience recorded here excludes only US citizens, which understates the restriction: the Department of State's list of ineligible countries of birth changes every year and is genuinely long. We do not reproduce the current list because the Department of State's site answers automated requests with a bot challenge that we do not bypass — read it on travel.state.gov before relying on this route.

United States

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