Bulgaria vs. Romania
Bulgaria va por delante en impuestos, vivienda, sanidad. Romania va por delante en seguridad, idioma, infraestructura. Abajo, los datos criterio por criterio.
Verificado
Marcador
Las cifras clave cara a cara, con el lado más fuerte señalado. La puntuación global es decorativa; lo que importa es qué datos encajan contigo.
Resultado principal
Empate: 3 de 6 cada uno
Bulgaria
3
Romania
3
NSI Bulgaria — Income, Expenditure and Consumption of Households in 2024 (Household Budget Survey)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- NSI HBS 2024 consumer expenditure per household member = BGN 9,466/yr (COICOP consumption, effectively rent-free — Bulgaria doesn't impute owner rent, ~85% ownership, housing line is utilities). 9,466 ÷ 12 = 788.83 BGN/mo ÷ 1.95583 = €403.32/mo × 1.1399 = $459.75/mo → $460. Household-Budget-Survey basis chosen for peer consistency (matching the capture ratio of the Spain/Czechia figures). Bulgaria is the cheapest of the peer set.
- Notas
- The cheapest vs peers (BG ~$460 < CZ ~$785 < ES ~$941), consistent with income levels. Bulgaria adopted the euro on 1 Jan 2026 (1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN).
INS — Household income and expenditure 2024 (single-adult consumption basket), converted to USD
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 may 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- INS 2024 single-adult household basket: total spending ≈ 3,972 RON/mo, of which consumption ≈ 60.6% ≈ 2,407 RON; minus a small actual-rentals component (Romanian households mostly own, imputed rent excluded) → ≈ 2,335 RON/mo of consumption excluding rent. Converted at 4.59 RON/USD (ECB 5.2321 RON/EUR ÷ 1.1399 USD/EUR, 2026-07-02) → ≈ $509, rounded to $510. Utilities are kept in the basket; only pure rent is excluded. National figure — Bucharest runs somewhat higher.
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Best representative freelancer scheme at €60,000, single = свободна професия (scheme bg-svobodna-profesia): 25% deemed expenses → base €45,000; social 27.8% capped at €7,044.43 (max insurable income €2,111.64/mo); 10% tax on €37,955.57 = €3,795.56. Levies €10,839.99 → 18.1%. The ЕООД company chain (10% + 5% dividend) shows a lower headline (~14.5%) but excludes the compulsory owner-manager social insurance, so свободна професия is the honest freelancer burden.
SettleMetric tax engine over official 2026 rules (Codul fiscal art. 68; Legea 141/2025)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best clean eligible scheme ro-pfa-real (PFA real system) at €60,000 revenue = 313,926 RON (ECB 5.2321), 10% expenses → net income 282,533.40. CASS 10% = 28,253.34; CAS band (>97,200) = 24,300; income-tax base 229,980.06 → 10% = 22,998.01. Total levies 75,551.35 → 24.07% ≈ 24.1%. The company route ro-micro-srl models a lower ~18% burden but omits the mandatory ≥1-employee salary cost, so it is not a like-for-like comparison and is not used as the headline.
Eurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (crim_off_cat, ICCS0101, unit P_HTHAB, geo=BG)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Police-recorded intentional homicide, 2024 (1.23). Downward trend from 2.29 in 2008; recent years 2020 0.96, 2021 1.29, 2022 1.11, 2023 1.15, 2024 1.23. Moderate by European standards.
Eurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (ICCS 0101), rate per 100k
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest year in the Eurostat/UNODC joint series is 2024: 0.79 per 100k (2023: 0.73; 2022: 0.93). Among the lower homicide rates in the EU.
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Bulgaria
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2023
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Median of the 343 daily country-median download values for BG in 2023 = 42.85 Mbps (139,790 download tests). M-Lab NDT is single-stream and understates real line speeds — Bulgaria has very fast, cheap fibre (commonly 100–1000 Mbps advertised) — comparable only within this criterion. 2023 is the latest full year in M-Lab's public stats API.
- Notas
- Bulgaria is known for fast, inexpensive fixed broadband; the M-Lab single-stream median is used only for cross-country comparability on one consistent method.
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Romania
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2023
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Median of 343 daily country medians, 112,070 tests (2023 — latest full year in M-Lab's public stats API; the 2024 file covers only 86 days and 2025 is not yet published).
- Notas
- M-Lab NDT is single-stream and reads below Ookla-style figures — comparable only within this criterion. Romania is known for very fast, cheap fibre; the true typical fibre speed is far higher, but only M-Lab is used here for cross-country consistency.
EF EPI 2025 — Bulgaria (score 594, rank 18/123, High band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): Bulgaria ranks #18 of 123, score 594 (global average 488), 'High Proficiency' band. English is broadly workable in Sofia's tech and service sectors and among younger Bulgarians; Bulgarian (Cyrillic) remains essential for administration and daily life outside the capital.
EF EPI 2025 (rank 11/123, score 605 — Very High band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI (attribution: EF Education First). Romania scores 605 (rank 11), in EF's top proficiency band alongside the Nordics. English is broadly workable in cities, the service sector and among younger Romanians; less so in some government offices.
Curated market survey of Bulgarian voluntary health insurers (2026)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Bulgaria has mandatory public health insurance (НЗОК) with no full private-replacement market, so this is the VOLUNTARY supplementary premium: a comprehensive mid-tier plan (outpatient GP+specialist, labs, imaging, hospitalisation) ~€60/month = €720/yr → $821/yr at 1.1399. Range €30–60/mo (basic) to €60–120/mo (premium with dental/vision).
- Notas
- Supplementary to mandatory public НЗОК, not a replacement (like Austria's Sonderklasse). Main voluntary insurers: DZI, Bulstrad VIG, Generali, Allianz Bulgaria, DallBogg, UNIQA. Indicative premiums, vary with coverage caps and deductibles.
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Comprehensive private health plans that include hospitalization and surgery (outpatient + inpatient): Signal Iduna 360 Care starts 380 RON/mo, with a stated 34-year-old example at 424 RON/mo; premium all-inclusive tiers (Groupama, Regina Maria, MedLife/Medicover subscriptions with hospital cover) run up to ~650 RON/mo. Healthy-35-year-old midpoint ≈ 460 RON/mo ≈ 5,520 RON/yr ≈ $1,200; recorded $1,250 (range ≈ $1,000–$1,700 at 4.59 RON/USD). Premiums are quoted on request, so this is a curated market midpoint, not a public engine quote.
- Notas
- Residents are covered by mandatory public health insurance (CASS/CNAS); private cover is optional. Many buy only a cheaper outpatient medical subscription (abonament, ~150–250 RON/mo) and use the public system for hospital care. This figure is the with-inpatient comprehensive tier, chosen to be comparable with other countries' comprehensive plans.
Veredicto
Cada perspectiva pondera solo los datos que importan a ese plan y dice a qué lado favorece.
Informática remota / autónomo
Contrato o trabajo por cuenta propia en tecnología, facturando a clientes de fuera.
Muy reñido para este plan
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Best representative freelancer scheme at €60,000, single = свободна професия (scheme bg-svobodna-profesia): 25% deemed expenses → base €45,000; social 27.8% capped at €7,044.43 (max insurable income €2,111.64/mo); 10% tax on €37,955.57 = €3,795.56. Levies €10,839.99 → 18.1%. The ЕООД company chain (10% + 5% dividend) shows a lower headline (~14.5%) but excludes the compulsory owner-manager social insurance, so свободна професия is the honest freelancer burden.
SettleMetric tax engine over official 2026 rules (Codul fiscal art. 68; Legea 141/2025)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best clean eligible scheme ro-pfa-real (PFA real system) at €60,000 revenue = 313,926 RON (ECB 5.2321), 10% expenses → net income 282,533.40. CASS 10% = 28,253.34; CAS band (>97,200) = 24,300; income-tax base 229,980.06 → 10% = 22,998.01. Total levies 75,551.35 → 24.07% ≈ 24.1%. The company route ro-micro-srl models a lower ~18% burden but omits the mandatory ≥1-employee salary cost, so it is not a like-for-like comparison and is not used as the headline.
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Bulgaria
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2023
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Median of the 343 daily country-median download values for BG in 2023 = 42.85 Mbps (139,790 download tests). M-Lab NDT is single-stream and understates real line speeds — Bulgaria has very fast, cheap fibre (commonly 100–1000 Mbps advertised) — comparable only within this criterion. 2023 is the latest full year in M-Lab's public stats API.
- Notas
- Bulgaria is known for fast, inexpensive fixed broadband; the M-Lab single-stream median is used only for cross-country comparability on one consistent method.
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Romania
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2023
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Median of 343 daily country medians, 112,070 tests (2023 — latest full year in M-Lab's public stats API; the 2024 file covers only 86 days and 2025 is not yet published).
- Notas
- M-Lab NDT is single-stream and reads below Ookla-style figures — comparable only within this criterion. Romania is known for very fast, cheap fibre; the true typical fibre speed is far higher, but only M-Lab is used here for cross-country consistency.
EF EPI 2025 — Bulgaria (score 594, rank 18/123, High band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): Bulgaria ranks #18 of 123, score 594 (global average 488), 'High Proficiency' band. English is broadly workable in Sofia's tech and service sectors and among younger Bulgarians; Bulgarian (Cyrillic) remains essential for administration and daily life outside the capital.
EF EPI 2025 (rank 11/123, score 605 — Very High band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI (attribution: EF Education First). Romania scores 605 (rank 11), in EF's top proficiency band alongside the Nordics. English is broadly workable in cities, the service sector and among younger Romanians; less so in some government offices.
NSI Bulgaria — Income, Expenditure and Consumption of Households in 2024 (Household Budget Survey)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- NSI HBS 2024 consumer expenditure per household member = BGN 9,466/yr (COICOP consumption, effectively rent-free — Bulgaria doesn't impute owner rent, ~85% ownership, housing line is utilities). 9,466 ÷ 12 = 788.83 BGN/mo ÷ 1.95583 = €403.32/mo × 1.1399 = $459.75/mo → $460. Household-Budget-Survey basis chosen for peer consistency (matching the capture ratio of the Spain/Czechia figures). Bulgaria is the cheapest of the peer set.
- Notas
- The cheapest vs peers (BG ~$460 < CZ ~$785 < ES ~$941), consistent with income levels. Bulgaria adopted the euro on 1 Jan 2026 (1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN).
INS — Household income and expenditure 2024 (single-adult consumption basket), converted to USD
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 may 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- INS 2024 single-adult household basket: total spending ≈ 3,972 RON/mo, of which consumption ≈ 60.6% ≈ 2,407 RON; minus a small actual-rentals component (Romanian households mostly own, imputed rent excluded) → ≈ 2,335 RON/mo of consumption excluding rent. Converted at 4.59 RON/USD (ECB 5.2321 RON/EUR ÷ 1.1399 USD/EUR, 2026-07-02) → ≈ $509, rounded to $510. Utilities are kept in the basket; only pure rent is excluded. National figure — Bucharest runs somewhat higher.
Econt and Speedy — Bulgaria's dominant courier networks
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Econt and Speedy form a dense duopoly with nationwide office + automated-locker networks and next-day domestic delivery; cash-on-delivery ('наложен платеж') is the default e-commerce payment method. Fast, cheap, reliable → excellent.
Carrier official pages (Sameday easybox, FAN Courier FANbox, Poșta Română) — composite
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Sameday easybox >3,900 lockers with guaranteed nationwide next-day delivery; FAN Courier (national leader) with its own FANbox locker chain; Cargus, DPD, GLS, Poșta Română nationwide; parcel-locker + PUDO delivery is the e-commerce norm (eMAG/Sameday ecosystem). Next-day is standard between and within cities.
- Notas
- Dense locker network and reliable next-day service place Romania at the top domestic tier.
Familia
Mudarse con pareja e hijos en edad escolar.
Romania encaja mejor: 2 de 3
Eurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (crim_off_cat, ICCS0101, unit P_HTHAB, geo=BG)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Police-recorded intentional homicide, 2024 (1.23). Downward trend from 2.29 in 2008; recent years 2020 0.96, 2021 1.29, 2022 1.11, 2023 1.15, 2024 1.23. Moderate by European standards.
Eurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (ICCS 0101), rate per 100k
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest year in the Eurostat/UNODC joint series is 2024: 0.79 per 100k (2023: 0.73; 2022: 0.93). Among the lower homicide rates in the EU.
Curated market survey of Bulgarian voluntary health insurers (2026)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Bulgaria has mandatory public health insurance (НЗОК) with no full private-replacement market, so this is the VOLUNTARY supplementary premium: a comprehensive mid-tier plan (outpatient GP+specialist, labs, imaging, hospitalisation) ~€60/month = €720/yr → $821/yr at 1.1399. Range €30–60/mo (basic) to €60–120/mo (premium with dental/vision).
- Notas
- Supplementary to mandatory public НЗОК, not a replacement (like Austria's Sonderklasse). Main voluntary insurers: DZI, Bulstrad VIG, Generali, Allianz Bulgaria, DallBogg, UNIQA. Indicative premiums, vary with coverage caps and deductibles.
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Comprehensive private health plans that include hospitalization and surgery (outpatient + inpatient): Signal Iduna 360 Care starts 380 RON/mo, with a stated 34-year-old example at 424 RON/mo; premium all-inclusive tiers (Groupama, Regina Maria, MedLife/Medicover subscriptions with hospital cover) run up to ~650 RON/mo. Healthy-35-year-old midpoint ≈ 460 RON/mo ≈ 5,520 RON/yr ≈ $1,200; recorded $1,250 (range ≈ $1,000–$1,700 at 4.59 RON/USD). Premiums are quoted on request, so this is a curated market midpoint, not a public engine quote.
- Notas
- Residents are covered by mandatory public health insurance (CASS/CNAS); private cover is optional. Many buy only a cheaper outpatient medical subscription (abonament, ~150–250 RON/mo) and use the public system for hospital care. This figure is the with-inpatient comprehensive tier, chosen to be comparable with other countries' comprehensive plans.
EF EPI 2025 — Bulgaria (score 594, rank 18/123, High band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): Bulgaria ranks #18 of 123, score 594 (global average 488), 'High Proficiency' band. English is broadly workable in Sofia's tech and service sectors and among younger Bulgarians; Bulgarian (Cyrillic) remains essential for administration and daily life outside the capital.
EF EPI 2025 (rank 11/123, score 605 — Very High band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI (attribution: EF Education First). Romania scores 605 (rank 11), in EF's top proficiency band alongside the Nordics. English is broadly workable in cities, the service sector and among younger Romanians; less so in some government offices.
Dinero y cripto
Optimizar impuestos, banca y normas sobre cripto.
Bulgaria encaja mejor: 1 de 3
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Crypto is legal. Individual gains from crypto disposals are taxed as investment income at the 10% flat rate (a 10% deemed-cost deduction makes the effective rate ~9%), declared on Annex 5 of the annual return. MiCA is fully in force EU-wide; crypto-asset service providers must be licensed by the Financial Supervision Commission (FSC), transitional-regime deadline 1 July 2026. Supervisor FSC (fsc.bg); tax authority НАП (nap.bg).
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Holding and trading crypto is legal for individuals. Gains taxed at 16% on income realized from 2026 (up from 10%), plus CASS in some cases; small-transaction exemption (<200 RON per transaction, ≤600 RON/year total). MiCA transposed via OUG 10/2025 with ASF as the crypto-asset-service-provider regulator and BNR over e-money tokens; the transitional CASP regime ends 2026-07-01. Standard EU licensing/AML and taxation → legal-regulated.
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Composite: Bulgaria adopted the euro on 1 Jan 2026 (fixed 1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN); EU member with full free movement of capital, no capital controls or currency-conversion limits. The only notable restriction is a domestic cash-payment ceiling (Law on Limitation of Cash Payments): payments at/above ~€5,113 (BGN 10,000) must be non-cash — a routine AML measure. The EU-wide €10,000 cash cap applies from 2027. No limits on holding foreign currency or cross-border transfers → 'low'.
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Composite: no currency or capital controls (EU free movement of capital; RON freely convertible, EUR adoption pending); non-residents and foreigners can open bank accounts; no FBAR-style foreign-account reporting for individuals beyond EU CRS via banks; the Declarația Unică covers resident worldwide income. Cash-payment limits exist (business ~5,000–10,000 RON/day tranches under Law 70/2015) but personal money movement is free. Low state control over personal money flows. Cross-checked against PwC Romania summary; primary basis is EU capital-freedom law.
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Best representative freelancer scheme at €60,000, single = свободна професия (scheme bg-svobodna-profesia): 25% deemed expenses → base €45,000; social 27.8% capped at €7,044.43 (max insurable income €2,111.64/mo); 10% tax on €37,955.57 = €3,795.56. Levies €10,839.99 → 18.1%. The ЕООД company chain (10% + 5% dividend) shows a lower headline (~14.5%) but excludes the compulsory owner-manager social insurance, so свободна професия is the honest freelancer burden.
SettleMetric tax engine over official 2026 rules (Codul fiscal art. 68; Legea 141/2025)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best clean eligible scheme ro-pfa-real (PFA real system) at €60,000 revenue = 313,926 RON (ECB 5.2321), 10% expenses → net income 282,533.40. CASS 10% = 28,253.34; CAS band (>97,200) = 24,300; income-tax base 229,980.06 → 10% = 22,998.01. Total levies 75,551.35 → 24.07% ≈ 24.1%. The company route ro-micro-srl models a lower ~18% burden but omits the mandatory ≥1-employee salary cost, so it is not a like-for-like comparison and is not used as the headline.
Vida tranquila
Priorizar la seguridad, el aire y una vida diaria sencilla.
Muy reñido para este plan
Eurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (crim_off_cat, ICCS0101, unit P_HTHAB, geo=BG)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Police-recorded intentional homicide, 2024 (1.23). Downward trend from 2.29 in 2008; recent years 2020 0.96, 2021 1.29, 2022 1.11, 2023 1.15, 2024 1.23. Moderate by European standards.
Eurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (ICCS 0101), rate per 100k
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest year in the Eurostat/UNODC joint series is 2024: 0.79 per 100k (2023: 0.73; 2022: 0.93). Among the lower homicide rates in the EU.
NSI Bulgaria — Income, Expenditure and Consumption of Households in 2024 (Household Budget Survey)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- NSI HBS 2024 consumer expenditure per household member = BGN 9,466/yr (COICOP consumption, effectively rent-free — Bulgaria doesn't impute owner rent, ~85% ownership, housing line is utilities). 9,466 ÷ 12 = 788.83 BGN/mo ÷ 1.95583 = €403.32/mo × 1.1399 = $459.75/mo → $460. Household-Budget-Survey basis chosen for peer consistency (matching the capture ratio of the Spain/Czechia figures). Bulgaria is the cheapest of the peer set.
- Notas
- The cheapest vs peers (BG ~$460 < CZ ~$785 < ES ~$941), consistent with income levels. Bulgaria adopted the euro on 1 Jan 2026 (1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN).
INS — Household income and expenditure 2024 (single-adult consumption basket), converted to USD
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 may 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- INS 2024 single-adult household basket: total spending ≈ 3,972 RON/mo, of which consumption ≈ 60.6% ≈ 2,407 RON; minus a small actual-rentals component (Romanian households mostly own, imputed rent excluded) → ≈ 2,335 RON/mo of consumption excluding rent. Converted at 4.59 RON/USD (ECB 5.2321 RON/EUR ÷ 1.1399 USD/EUR, 2026-07-02) → ≈ $509, rounded to $510. Utilities are kept in the basket; only pure rent is excluded. National figure — Bucharest runs somewhat higher.
Detalles
Impuestos
01+−Freelancer tax burden% effective burden at €60k/year self-employed profileBulgariamejor18,1Romania24,1
Qué mide esto
Effective total burden (income tax + mandatory social and health contributions) for a solo IT freelancer with €60,000/year revenue and 10% deductible expenses, using the most favourable eligible scheme in the country's tax-schemes data. Computed by the SettleMetric tax engine; recorded as a curated value with the winning scheme id in method.
Bulgaria
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Best representative freelancer scheme at €60,000, single = свободна професия (scheme bg-svobodna-profesia): 25% deemed expenses → base €45,000; social 27.8% capped at €7,044.43 (max insurable income €2,111.64/mo); 10% tax on €37,955.57 = €3,795.56. Levies €10,839.99 → 18.1%. The ЕООД company chain (10% + 5% dividend) shows a lower headline (~14.5%) but excludes the compulsory owner-manager social insurance, so свободна професия is the honest freelancer burden.
Romania
SettleMetric tax engine over official 2026 rules (Codul fiscal art. 68; Legea 141/2025)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best clean eligible scheme ro-pfa-real (PFA real system) at €60,000 revenue = 313,926 RON (ECB 5.2321), 10% expenses → net income 282,533.40. CASS 10% = 28,253.34; CAS band (>97,200) = 24,300; income-tax base 229,980.06 → 10% = 22,998.01. Total levies 75,551.35 → 24.07% ≈ 24.1%. The company route ro-micro-srl models a lower ~18% burden but omits the mandatory ≥1-employee salary cost, so it is not a like-for-like comparison and is not used as the headline.
Legalización
01+−Remote-work legalization easeBulgariaDedicated nomad visaRomaniaDedicated nomad visa
Qué mide esto
Best available legalization route for a location-independent earner with a median (non-EU, non-US) passport, classified from this country's legalization-paths data: dedicated digital-nomad visa; general freelance/self-employment permit; realistic long-stay path (e.g. renewable temporary residence); only short visa-free/tourist stays; effectively none.
Bulgaria
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Bulgaria created a dedicated digital-nomad residence route via the June 2025 Foreigners Act amendment, opened to applications for 2026 — for non-EU remote workers earning from abroad (income ≥ 50× the previous year's monthly minimum wage, ~€27,500/year). Combined with the 10% flat tax and low cost of living it is one of the EU's most attractive nomad setups. EU/EEA/Swiss citizens simply exercise free movement.
Romania
IGI — long-stay visa categories (digital nomad D/DN under OUG 194/2002 as amended by Law 22/2022)
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 27 abr 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Romania has a dedicated digital nomad long-stay visa and residence permit (income ≥ 3× the average gross monthly wage; 1 year, renewable once). It does not lead to permanent residence — for a durable stay a non-EU freelancer uses the business-activity or professional-activity permit (both reach long-term residence after 5 years).
Coste de vida
01+−Cost of living (single, excl. rent)USD/month, single person, excluding rentBulgariamejor460Romania510
Qué mide esto
Monthly cost of a defined single-person basket (food, transport, utilities, mobile+internet, modest leisure) excluding rent, curated from national statistics office price data and large local retailers' published prices, converted to USD at the ECB rate recorded in fx-rates. The method field of each value itemizes the basket inputs.
Bulgaria
NSI Bulgaria — Income, Expenditure and Consumption of Households in 2024 (Household Budget Survey)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- NSI HBS 2024 consumer expenditure per household member = BGN 9,466/yr (COICOP consumption, effectively rent-free — Bulgaria doesn't impute owner rent, ~85% ownership, housing line is utilities). 9,466 ÷ 12 = 788.83 BGN/mo ÷ 1.95583 = €403.32/mo × 1.1399 = $459.75/mo → $460. Household-Budget-Survey basis chosen for peer consistency (matching the capture ratio of the Spain/Czechia figures). Bulgaria is the cheapest of the peer set.
- Notas
- The cheapest vs peers (BG ~$460 < CZ ~$785 < ES ~$941), consistent with income levels. Bulgaria adopted the euro on 1 Jan 2026 (1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN).
Romania
INS — Household income and expenditure 2024 (single-adult consumption basket), converted to USD
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 may 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- INS 2024 single-adult household basket: total spending ≈ 3,972 RON/mo, of which consumption ≈ 60.6% ≈ 2,407 RON; minus a small actual-rentals component (Romanian households mostly own, imputed rent excluded) → ≈ 2,335 RON/mo of consumption excluding rent. Converted at 4.59 RON/USD (ECB 5.2321 RON/EUR ÷ 1.1399 USD/EUR, 2026-07-02) → ≈ $509, rounded to $510. Utilities are kept in the basket; only pure rent is excluded. National figure — Bucharest runs somewhat higher.
Gasto mensual por categoría (sin alquiler)
NSI Bulgaria — Household Budget Survey 2024 (consumer expenditure by group)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Each NSI 2024 COICOP group (BGN/capita/yr) converted ÷12 ÷1.95583 ×1.1399. Items sum ≈ $460, matching the headline. NSI merges recreation+culture+education and folds restaurants/hotels into food/misc; housing line is utilities only (no rent, per the HBS convention).
INS — Household income and expenditure 2024 (consumption structure), single-person scaled
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 may 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- INS 2024 consumption structure (food & non-alcoholic drinks ≈33.5%, housing utilities ≈14%, alcohol/tobacco ≈7.2%, clothing ≈7.8%, transport ≈8%, and smaller shares for household goods, health, communications, recreation, restaurants, misc), applied to the single-person consumption basket of ≈2,335 RON/mo excluding rent, converted at 4.59 RON/USD. Items sum to ≈$508, the cost-of-living-single aggregate. National average; food dominates (Romania has the EU's highest food share of household spending).
Vivienda
Alquiler por tipo de vivienda
Alquiler de oferta: precio en el centro, con el de fuera del centro entre paréntesis ($/mes).
SettleMetric — population-weighted average of covered cities (Plovdiv, Sofia)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 14 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Population-weighted mean of the rent-breakdown matrices of Plovdiv, Sofia; each cell averages the cities that report it. See each city page for its exact local matrix.
SettleMetric — population-weighted average of covered cities (Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Population-weighted mean of the rent-breakdown matrices of Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca; each cell averages the cities that report it. See each city page for its exact local matrix.
Seguridad
01+−Homicide rateintentional homicides per 100,000/yearBulgaria1,2Romaniamejor0,8
Qué mide esto
Intentional homicide victims per 100,000 population, latest available year. Country level: UNODC national series. City level: official municipal/police statistics where published; otherwise null (country value shown as country-level).
Bulgaria
Eurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (crim_off_cat, ICCS0101, unit P_HTHAB, geo=BG)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Police-recorded intentional homicide, 2024 (1.23). Downward trend from 2.29 in 2008; recent years 2020 0.96, 2021 1.29, 2022 1.11, 2023 1.15, 2024 1.23. Moderate by European standards.
Romania
Eurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (ICCS 0101), rate per 100k
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest year in the Eurostat/UNODC joint series is 2024: 0.79 per 100k (2023: 0.73; 2022: 0.93). Among the lower homicide rates in the EU.
Sanidad
01+−Private healthcare costUSD/year, comprehensive private insurance premium, healthy 35-year-oldBulgariamejor820Romania1250
Qué mide esto
Median of at least three publicly quoted annual premiums for comprehensive private medical insurance (outpatient + inpatient, ~$100k coverage, small deductible) for a healthy 35-year-old resident foreigner, from local and international insurers. Method field lists the insurers quoted.
Bulgaria
Curated market survey of Bulgarian voluntary health insurers (2026)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Bulgaria has mandatory public health insurance (НЗОК) with no full private-replacement market, so this is the VOLUNTARY supplementary premium: a comprehensive mid-tier plan (outpatient GP+specialist, labs, imaging, hospitalisation) ~€60/month = €720/yr → $821/yr at 1.1399. Range €30–60/mo (basic) to €60–120/mo (premium with dental/vision).
- Notas
- Supplementary to mandatory public НЗОК, not a replacement (like Austria's Sonderklasse). Main voluntary insurers: DZI, Bulstrad VIG, Generali, Allianz Bulgaria, DallBogg, UNIQA. Indicative premiums, vary with coverage caps and deductibles.
Romania
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Comprehensive private health plans that include hospitalization and surgery (outpatient + inpatient): Signal Iduna 360 Care starts 380 RON/mo, with a stated 34-year-old example at 424 RON/mo; premium all-inclusive tiers (Groupama, Regina Maria, MedLife/Medicover subscriptions with hospital cover) run up to ~650 RON/mo. Healthy-35-year-old midpoint ≈ 460 RON/mo ≈ 5,520 RON/yr ≈ $1,200; recorded $1,250 (range ≈ $1,000–$1,700 at 4.59 RON/USD). Premiums are quoted on request, so this is a curated market midpoint, not a public engine quote.
- Notas
- Residents are covered by mandatory public health insurance (CASS/CNAS); private cover is optional. Many buy only a cheaper outpatient medical subscription (abonament, ~150–250 RON/mo) and use the public system for hospital care. This figure is the with-inpatient comprehensive tier, chosen to be comparable with other countries' comprehensive plans.
Dinero y cripto
01+−Crypto regulationBulgariaLegal regulatedRomaniaLegal regulated
Qué mide esto
Own classification of the legal status of holding, trading and cashing out cryptocurrency for individuals: legal-friendly (legal with clear, favourable rules or explicit tax exemptions), legal-regulated (legal under standard licensing/AML and taxation), restricted (partial bans: payments or banking access prohibited), banned (holding/trading prohibited). Classified from national regulators' and central banks' official positions.
Bulgaria
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Crypto is legal. Individual gains from crypto disposals are taxed as investment income at the 10% flat rate (a 10% deemed-cost deduction makes the effective rate ~9%), declared on Annex 5 of the annual return. MiCA is fully in force EU-wide; crypto-asset service providers must be licensed by the Financial Supervision Commission (FSC), transitional-regime deadline 1 July 2026. Supervisor FSC (fsc.bg); tax authority НАП (nap.bg).
Romania
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Holding and trading crypto is legal for individuals. Gains taxed at 16% on income realized from 2026 (up from 10%), plus CASS in some cases; small-transaction exemption (<200 RON per transaction, ≤600 RON/year total). MiCA transposed via OUG 10/2025 with ASF as the crypto-asset-service-provider regulator and BNR over e-money tokens; the transitional CASP regime ends 2026-07-01. Standard EU licensing/AML and taxation → legal-regulated.
02+−Financial control levelBulgariaLowRomaniaLow
Qué mide esto
Own composite of state control over personal money flows: currency/capital controls (IMF AREAER), restrictions on foreign accounts and transfers, mandatory income declaration scope for residents, cash payment limits, banking access for foreigners. Low = free movement of personal funds and easy non-resident banking; very-high = strict capital controls and pervasive reporting. Method field on each value lists the inputs used.
Bulgaria
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Composite: Bulgaria adopted the euro on 1 Jan 2026 (fixed 1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN); EU member with full free movement of capital, no capital controls or currency-conversion limits. The only notable restriction is a domestic cash-payment ceiling (Law on Limitation of Cash Payments): payments at/above ~€5,113 (BGN 10,000) must be non-cash — a routine AML measure. The EU-wide €10,000 cash cap applies from 2027. No limits on holding foreign currency or cross-border transfers → 'low'.
Romania
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Composite: no currency or capital controls (EU free movement of capital; RON freely convertible, EUR adoption pending); non-residents and foreigners can open bank accounts; no FBAR-style foreign-account reporting for individuals beyond EU CRS via banks; the Declarația Unică covers resident worldwide income. Cash-payment limits exist (business ~5,000–10,000 RON/day tranches under Law 70/2015) but personal money movement is free. Low state control over personal money flows. Cross-checked against PwC Romania summary; primary basis is EU capital-freedom law.
Infraestructura
01+−Domestic delivery qualityBulgariaExcellentRomaniaExcellent
Qué mide esto
Quality of in-country parcel delivery. excellent = nationwide next-day widely available, dense parcel-locker network, real-time tracking standard; good = 1–3 day delivery, lockers in major cities; basic = reliable but slow (3–7 days), mostly to-door or post-office pickup; poor = unreliable delivery, street addresses often unusable, informal workarounds common. Classified from official service/coverage data of the national postal operator and the two largest private carriers; inputs itemized in each value's method field.
Bulgaria
Econt and Speedy — Bulgaria's dominant courier networks
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Econt and Speedy form a dense duopoly with nationwide office + automated-locker networks and next-day domestic delivery; cash-on-delivery ('наложен платеж') is the default e-commerce payment method. Fast, cheap, reliable → excellent.
Romania
Carrier official pages (Sameday easybox, FAN Courier FANbox, Poșta Română) — composite
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Sameday easybox >3,900 lockers with guaranteed nationwide next-day delivery; FAN Courier (national leader) with its own FANbox locker chain; Cargus, DPD, GLS, Poșta Română nationwide; parcel-locker + PUDO delivery is the e-commerce norm (eMAG/Sameday ecosystem). Next-day is standard between and within cities.
- Notas
- Dense locker network and reliable next-day service place Romania at the top domestic tier.
02+−International delivery easeBulgariaMinor frictionRomaniaMinor friction
Qué mide esto
Ease of receiving goods from abroad. seamless = major international carriers deliver door-to-door, meaningful duty-free de-minimis threshold, customs clearance predictable in days; minor-friction = carriers present but low de-minimis, extra paperwork or routine delays; significant-friction = frequent customs holds, high brokerage fees, some marketplaces refuse to ship; unreliable = parcels regularly lost or blocked, informal import channels dominate. De-minimis thresholds and clearance rules from the national customs authority (official source, cite the regulation); carrier presence from carriers' official pages.
Bulgaria
European Commission — removal of the €150 duty-free import threshold (EU-wide, from 1 July 2026)
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Intra-EU shipping is frictionless (single market/customs union). From 1 July 2026 the EU removes the €150 duty-free threshold for non-EU imports (a transitional flat per-item customs duty applies; VAT already collected since 2021). Minor friction on non-EU inbound parcels — the same EU regime as other member states.
Romania
European Commission — removal of the €150 customs duty exemption (Reg. EU 2026/382)
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Intra-EU shipping is frictionless (single market; all major carriers; Romania in Schengen since 2025). Non-EU imports: the €150 duty-free threshold was removed EU-wide on 2026-07-01 — a temporary flat duty applies to low-value consignments until the 2028 Customs Data Hub; VAT collected at checkout via IOSS. DHL, UPS, FedEx, GLS all deliver door-to-door. Predictable but no longer duty-free.
03+−Internet speedMbps, median fixed downloadBulgaria42,8Romaniamejor71,1
Qué mide esto
Median fixed-broadband download speed over the trailing 6 months from M-Lab NDT open data (CC0), aggregated at country or city level. Not comparable with Ookla figures (different test methodology) — do not mix sources within this criterion.
Bulgaria
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Bulgaria
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2023
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Método
- Median of the 343 daily country-median download values for BG in 2023 = 42.85 Mbps (139,790 download tests). M-Lab NDT is single-stream and understates real line speeds — Bulgaria has very fast, cheap fibre (commonly 100–1000 Mbps advertised) — comparable only within this criterion. 2023 is the latest full year in M-Lab's public stats API.
- Notas
- Bulgaria is known for fast, inexpensive fixed broadband; the M-Lab single-stream median is used only for cross-country comparability on one consistent method.
Romania
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Romania
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2023
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Median of 343 daily country medians, 112,070 tests (2023 — latest full year in M-Lab's public stats API; the 2024 file covers only 86 days and 2025 is not yet published).
- Notas
- M-Lab NDT is single-stream and reads below Ookla-style figures — comparable only within this criterion. Romania is known for very fast, cheap fibre; the true typical fibre speed is far higher, but only M-Lab is used here for cross-country consistency.
Idioma
01+−English proficiencyBulgariaHighRomaniamejorVery high
Qué mide esto
Own banding of how far English gets a resident in daily life (government offices, healthcare, housing, services). Informed by EF EPI band (research source, cited with attribution, not republished) plus official language status and service-sector realities. Values are our bands, not EF scores.
Bulgaria
EF EPI 2025 — Bulgaria (score 594, rank 18/123, High band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 14 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): Bulgaria ranks #18 of 123, score 594 (global average 488), 'High Proficiency' band. English is broadly workable in Sofia's tech and service sectors and among younger Bulgarians; Bulgarian (Cyrillic) remains essential for administration and daily life outside the capital.
Romania
EF EPI 2025 (rank 11/123, score 605 — Very High band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI (attribution: EF Education First). Romania scores 605 (rank 11), in EF's top proficiency band alongside the Nordics. English is broadly workable in cities, the service sector and among younger Romanians; less so in some government offices.
En profundidad: impuestos en Bulgaria ·impuestos en Romania ·calculadora de ingreso neto