CITY / CITYComparación de ciudades verificada
Balivs.Bangkok.
Bangkok sale mejor en 4 de 8 datos principales; Bali, en 2. Cost of living (single, excl. rent): Bali $700/mo, Bangkok $560/mo. Freelancer tax burden: Bali 9,1%, Bangkok 3,7%. Climate comfort: Bali 0/12 mo, Bangkok 0/12 mo.
Verificado
14 criterios comparados · 30 fuentes · los datos de país aparecen marcados como heredados
id / th · SettleMetric
01
Las diferencias clave
Las cifras clave cara a cara, con el lado más fuerte señalado. La puntuación global es decorativa; lo que importa es qué datos encajan contigo.
Resultado principal
Bangkok va por delante en 4 de 8
Bali
2
Bangkok
4
01Cost of living (single, excl. rent)
Bali
$700/mo
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 mar 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- BPS March-2024 average per-capita monthly expenditure is Rp 1,500,556 nationally (urban Rp 1,737,427), split food/non-food — but that is a rural-weighted per-capita floor far below a foreign remote worker's outlay. Curated single-person, non-rent urban (Jakarta-level) basket — groceries, eating out, transport/ride-hailing, utilities, mobile+home internet, modest leisure — sits around USD 650–750/month; recorded midpoint USD 700. NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: this is a modelled basket anchored on BPS composition, not a single official basket figure; refine with itemised BPS urban non-food lines and current retail prices next cycle.
Bangkokmejor
$560/mo
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 mar 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- NSO average monthly household expenditure ≈ 21,027 THB (March 2025). Removing about half of the 24.65% housing-&-utilities line as rent/imputed rent gives a household non-rent basket of ≈ 18,435 THB ≈ $553 at 33.32 THB/USD (37.976 THB/EUR ÷ 1.1399 USD/EUR, ECB 2026-07-02); used as a proxy for a single-person non-rent basket (a solo resident's non-rent spend roughly matches a small household's). Rounded to $560.
- Notas
- Whole-kingdom national average — Bangkok and expat-style living run higher (commonly ~$650–750/month excluding rent in market estimates). Non-rent basket: food, utilities, transport & communications, health, recreation, clothing (see cost-breakdown).
02Freelancer tax burden
Bali
9,1%
SettleMetric tax engine over official DJP rules (pajak.go.id: NPPN + PPh Pasal 17 + PTKP)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best cleanly-eligible scheme id-nppn-freelancer at €60,000 = 1,232,521,200 IDR (ECB 20,542.02 IDR/EUR). NPPN professional-services norm 50% → net income 616,260,600; minus PTKP TK/0 54,000,000 → PKP 562,260,600; progressive PPh (5/15/25/30%) = 112,678,180 IDR → 9.14% ≈ 9.1%. The 0.5% MSME final tax would give ~0.3% but its 7-year window and professional-services exclusion make it unreliable for a newly-registered foreign IT freelancer, so NPPN is the recorded best. Single filer; NPPN KLU-62 norm pending manual confirmation (50% vs 62.5% — see scheme notes).
Bangkokmejor
3,7%
SettleMetric tax engine over official Thai Revenue Department rules (rd.go.th)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best eligible scheme th-pit-40-8-business at €60,000 = 2,278,560 THB (ECB 37.976 THB/EUR): 60% Section 40(8) standard deduction → PIT base 911,424; less 60,000 personal allowance → taxable 851,424; progressive PIT (5% to 20% bands) = 85,284.80 THB → 3.74%. Social security is voluntary for the self-employed and excluded. Assumes the income is assessable in Thailand (remitted in-year); a non-remitting resident can owe 0% under the remittance rule.
03Homicide rate
Balimejor
0,3/100k
UNODC via World Bank (Intentional homicides per 100,000 people, Indonesia)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2022
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest available UNODC-sourced value is 0.30 per 100,000 for 2022 (World Bank series VC.IHR.PSRC.P5, sourced from the UNODC Data Portal). Indonesia's recorded intentional-homicide rate is very low by global standards; reporting has gaps between years.
Bangkok
1,84/100k
UNODC via World Bank (Intentional homicides, VC.IHR.PSRC.P5) — republished by Our World in Data
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2021
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- 1.84 per 100,000 is the last firm UNODC data point (2021). UNODC/World Bank have not published a Thailand value for 2022–2024 (Thailand reports offences, not victims, and recent national figures were not submitted to the official series). Third-party aggregators quote rising unofficial figures (~1.9 in 2022, ~2.2 in 2023, ~2.6 in 2024) but these are not in the UNODC/World Bank published series and are not recorded here. To be re-verified when UNODC releases a newer Thailand figure.
04Climate comfort
Bali
0/12 mo
SettleMetric computation over climate-normals (Ngurah Rai 1991–2020)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2020
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Criterion rule: months with mean daily maximum 15–28 °C AND precipitation < 150 mm. Bali's coldest month (Jul/Aug) still has a mean daily max of 29.2 °C, so NO month falls inside the 15–28 °C max window → 0 pleasant months by this temperate-comfort metric. This flags Bali as consistently hot/humid, not that it is unpleasant — the raw normals are shown so users judge by their own taste (many nomads prefer exactly this warmth).
Bangkok
0/12 mo
SettleMetric computation over climate-normals
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2020
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Criterion rule: months whose 1991–2020 normal has mean daily maximum between 15°C and 28°C AND precipitation < 150mm. Bangkok's coolest month (December) still has a mean daily max of 32.3°C, so NO month falls in the 15–28°C band → 0 pleasant months. The metric is calibrated for temperate climates; a tropical city reads 0 not because it is unpleasant to everyone but because it is consistently hot (32–36°C highs year-round). Users should read the raw normals for their own taste.
05Internet speed
Bali
10 Mbps
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Indonesia (2023)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2023
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Median download ≈ 9.3–9.8 Mbps across the 2023 daily country medians (~4.3M tests) from M-Lab's public NDT statistics API; recorded midpoint 9.5 Mbps. 2024/2026 aggregate files were not retrievable at the time of check.
- Notas
- M-Lab NDT is single-stream and reads far below Ookla-style figures (Ookla put Indonesia fixed broadband ~28–41 Mbps in 2024–2025) — comparable only within this criterion, never mixed with Ookla.
Bangkokmejor
16 Mbps
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Thailand (2024)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- M-Lab NDT is single-stream and reads well below Ookla-style figures (Ookla's Speedtest Index put Thailand fixed-broadband median ≈ 237 Mbps in 2025) — the two are not comparable and must not be mixed within this criterion. Thailand's real-world fixed broadband (fibre) is among the fastest/cheapest in the region; the low M-Lab number reflects test methodology, not typical line speed. Value is the median of 2024 daily country medians from M-Lab's public stats API.
06English proficiency
Bali
Low
EF EPI 2025 — Indonesia rank 80/123, score 471 (Low Proficiency band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): Indonesia scores 471 (Low band) nationally, though Jakarta scores 523 (Moderate). Bahasa Indonesia is the sole official language; English is workable in tourist/expat zones (Bali, South Jakarta) and among younger professionals, but limited in government offices and everyday services nationwide → 'low'.
Bangkok
Low
EF EPI 2025 — Thailand (rank 116/123, score 402, 'Very Low' band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI (attribution: EF Education First / Signum International AG). EF places Thailand nationally in the 'Very Low' band (score 402, rank 116/123), but English is markedly more workable for a resident in Bangkok (EF city score 467), tourist/expat hubs (Pattaya 474, Phuket 431, Chiang Mai 453) and the hospitality/service sector than the national score implies — hence 'low' rather than 'very-low' for day-to-day usability. Government offices and rural areas remain Thai-only in practice.
07Private healthcare cost
Bali
$3600/yr
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Comprehensive (outpatient + inpatient, ~USD 1m+ annual limit, small deductible) international/IPMI plans for a healthy 35-year-old resident foreigner in Indonesia are commonly quoted around USD 200–500/month; a mid-tier comprehensive plan midpoint ≈ USD 300/month ≈ USD 3,600/year. Premiums are quoted on request (age/coverage/evacuation dependent), so this is a curated market midpoint, not a public engine quote. Local BPJS Kesehatan (mandatory public scheme for KITAS holders) is far cheaper but not a comprehensive private-cover equivalent.
Bangkokmejor
$1300/yr
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Comprehensive (inpatient + outpatient) private medical insurance for a healthy 35-year-old resident foreigner: international/expat plans with solid inpatient cover run ≈ 25,000–65,000 THB/year; a healthy-35 midpoint ≈ 40,000–45,000 THB ≈ $1,200–1,350 at 33.32 THB/USD. Recorded midpoint ≈ $1,300. Local Thai policies are cheaper (12,000–35,000 THB) but carry more exclusions/territorial limits. Premiums are quoted on request, so this is a curated market midpoint, not a single public engine quote.
- Notas
- Thailand has no universal coverage for foreigners; residents typically buy private cover or pay out of pocket at Thailand's (relatively low-cost, high-quality) private hospitals. Long-stay visas (e.g. some retirement/LTR conditions) require minimum inpatient/outpatient coverage. Medical inflation ~5–8%/yr. Range ≈ $750–1,950.
08Air quality (PM2.5)
Balimejor
19,4 µg/m³
WHO Ambient Air Quality Database — Denpasar, Indonesia (annual mean PM2.5)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2019
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest citable annual-mean PM2.5 for Denpasar is ~19.4 µg/m³ (2019-vintage, WHO Ambient Air Quality Database) — reported as the cleanest air among Indonesian cities and within the national standard, but ~4× the WHO 2021 guideline (5 µg/m³). NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: no 2022–2024 city annual mean for Denpasar/Bali could be verified — Bali is absent from the IQAir 2023 World Air Quality Report city tables (insufficient qualifying monitoring that year) and no newer official BMKG/KLHK Bali annual PM2.5 series was located. Value kept for continuity but is stale; re-verify against the next WHO database update or a Bali provincial monitoring release. Bali has no heavy industry and readings run below Jakarta/Java, though dry-season crop and rubbish burning cause local spikes.
Bangkok
22,7 µg/m³
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2022
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- 22.7 µg/m³ is the last firm PCD Bangkok annual-mean figure (2022), the tail of a declining trend (27 in 2018, 26 in 2019, 23 in 2020, 23 in 2021, 22.7 in 2022). Independent 2024 city estimates run higher (IQAir 2024 World Air Quality Report ≈ 27 µg/m³); the World Bank satellite-derived Thailand national mean was 23.5 µg/m³ for 2023. All bases put Bangkok well above the WHO 2021 guideline (5 µg/m³) and around the Thai annual standard (15 µg/m³, tightened June 2023). Pollution is strongly seasonal — the Nov–Mar cool/dry season (agricultural burning + inversions) drives monthly means above 50 µg/m³, while the May–Aug monsoon washes them down to 10–20 µg/m³. To be re-verified against a newer official PCD single-year Bangkok annual mean.
02
¿Qué ciudad encaja con tu plan?
Cada perspectiva pondera solo los datos que importan a ese plan y dice a qué lado favorece.
Informática remota / autónomo
Contrato o trabajo por cuenta propia en tecnología, facturando a clientes de fuera.
Bangkok encaja mejor: 3 de 5
01Freelancer tax burden
Bali
9,1%
SettleMetric tax engine over official DJP rules (pajak.go.id: NPPN + PPh Pasal 17 + PTKP)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best cleanly-eligible scheme id-nppn-freelancer at €60,000 = 1,232,521,200 IDR (ECB 20,542.02 IDR/EUR). NPPN professional-services norm 50% → net income 616,260,600; minus PTKP TK/0 54,000,000 → PKP 562,260,600; progressive PPh (5/15/25/30%) = 112,678,180 IDR → 9.14% ≈ 9.1%. The 0.5% MSME final tax would give ~0.3% but its 7-year window and professional-services exclusion make it unreliable for a newly-registered foreign IT freelancer, so NPPN is the recorded best. Single filer; NPPN KLU-62 norm pending manual confirmation (50% vs 62.5% — see scheme notes).
Bangkokmejor
3,7%
SettleMetric tax engine over official Thai Revenue Department rules (rd.go.th)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best eligible scheme th-pit-40-8-business at €60,000 = 2,278,560 THB (ECB 37.976 THB/EUR): 60% Section 40(8) standard deduction → PIT base 911,424; less 60,000 personal allowance → taxable 851,424; progressive PIT (5% to 20% bands) = 85,284.80 THB → 3.74%. Social security is voluntary for the self-employed and excluded. Assumes the income is assessable in Thailand (remitted in-year); a non-remitting resident can owe 0% under the remittance rule.
02Internet speed
Bali
10 Mbps
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Indonesia (2023)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2023
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Median download ≈ 9.3–9.8 Mbps across the 2023 daily country medians (~4.3M tests) from M-Lab's public NDT statistics API; recorded midpoint 9.5 Mbps. 2024/2026 aggregate files were not retrievable at the time of check.
- Notas
- M-Lab NDT is single-stream and reads far below Ookla-style figures (Ookla put Indonesia fixed broadband ~28–41 Mbps in 2024–2025) — comparable only within this criterion, never mixed with Ookla.
Bangkokmejor
16 Mbps
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Thailand (2024)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- M-Lab NDT is single-stream and reads well below Ookla-style figures (Ookla's Speedtest Index put Thailand fixed-broadband median ≈ 237 Mbps in 2025) — the two are not comparable and must not be mixed within this criterion. Thailand's real-world fixed broadband (fibre) is among the fastest/cheapest in the region; the low M-Lab number reflects test methodology, not typical line speed. Value is the median of 2024 daily country medians from M-Lab's public stats API.
03English proficiency
Bali
Low
EF EPI 2025 — Indonesia rank 80/123, score 471 (Low Proficiency band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): Indonesia scores 471 (Low band) nationally, though Jakarta scores 523 (Moderate). Bahasa Indonesia is the sole official language; English is workable in tourist/expat zones (Bali, South Jakarta) and among younger professionals, but limited in government offices and everyday services nationwide → 'low'.
Bangkok
Low
EF EPI 2025 — Thailand (rank 116/123, score 402, 'Very Low' band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI (attribution: EF Education First / Signum International AG). EF places Thailand nationally in the 'Very Low' band (score 402, rank 116/123), but English is markedly more workable for a resident in Bangkok (EF city score 467), tourist/expat hubs (Pattaya 474, Phuket 431, Chiang Mai 453) and the hospitality/service sector than the national score implies — hence 'low' rather than 'very-low' for day-to-day usability. Government offices and rural areas remain Thai-only in practice.
04Cost of living (single, excl. rent)
Bali
$700/mo
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 mar 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- BPS March-2024 average per-capita monthly expenditure is Rp 1,500,556 nationally (urban Rp 1,737,427), split food/non-food — but that is a rural-weighted per-capita floor far below a foreign remote worker's outlay. Curated single-person, non-rent urban (Jakarta-level) basket — groceries, eating out, transport/ride-hailing, utilities, mobile+home internet, modest leisure — sits around USD 650–750/month; recorded midpoint USD 700. NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: this is a modelled basket anchored on BPS composition, not a single official basket figure; refine with itemised BPS urban non-food lines and current retail prices next cycle.
Bangkokmejor
$560/mo
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 mar 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- NSO average monthly household expenditure ≈ 21,027 THB (March 2025). Removing about half of the 24.65% housing-&-utilities line as rent/imputed rent gives a household non-rent basket of ≈ 18,435 THB ≈ $553 at 33.32 THB/USD (37.976 THB/EUR ÷ 1.1399 USD/EUR, ECB 2026-07-02); used as a proxy for a single-person non-rent basket (a solo resident's non-rent spend roughly matches a small household's). Rounded to $560.
- Notas
- Whole-kingdom national average — Bangkok and expat-style living run higher (commonly ~$650–750/month excluding rent in market estimates). Non-rent basket: food, utilities, transport & communications, health, recreation, clothing (see cost-breakdown).
05Domestic delivery quality
Bali
Good
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Dense, competitive parcel market: Pos Indonesia (national operator) plus JNE, J&T Express, SiCepat, Ninja Xpress and on-demand couriers (GoSend, GrabExpress) give 1–3 day delivery in Java and major cities and same-day intra-city; tracking is standard. Reach to remote islands is slower and address quality is uneven, so 'good' rather than 'excellent'. Parcel-locker networks are limited vs Europe.
Bangkok
Good
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Dense, competitive parcel market: Thailand Post (nationwide, ~5,000 outlets), plus private carriers Flash Express, Kerry Express, J&T Express, and platform logistics (Lazada, Shopee). 1–3 day delivery is the norm in and between cities; next-day common within Bangkok and major metros. Cash-on-delivery is widespread. Rated 'good' rather than 'excellent': coverage and tracking are strong in cities but rural/remote delivery is slower and parcel-locker networks are far less pervasive than in top-tier markets.
Familia
Mudarse con pareja e hijos en edad escolar.
Muy reñido para este plan
01International schools
Bali
20
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Union of two accreditor registries, verified directly (both are JS-rendered, read in a browser). IB World Schools in Bali (5): Alam Kidz School Bali, Australian Independent School Indonesia (Bali), Bali Island School, Canggu Community School, Gandhi Memorial Intercontinental School Bali. Cambridge-registered schools in Bali (19): ACS Bali, Asian Intercultural School Bali, Bukit Sunrise School, Canggu Community School*, Cendekia Harapan, Dyatmika School, ProEd Global School, ProEd Global School Nuanu, Regents Primary School, Regents Secondary School Bali, Santosa Intercultural School, Sanur Independent School, Sekolah Lentera Kasih–Lollypop, Sekolah Stella Mundi, SPK SD CHIS Denpasar, Taman Rama Intercultural School, The Gandhi Memorial Intercontinental School*, Tunjung Sari School, Widya Nusantara School (* = also IB, counted once). Union = 5 + 19 − 2 overlaps = 22 registry entries; collapsing obvious same-institution campus splits (Regents Primary + Regents Secondary → 1; ProEd Global + ProEd Global Nuanu → 1) gives ~20 distinct international schools. Recorded 20.
- Notas
- Count is IB + Cambridge only (verified against each accreditor's own finder, not aggregator sites). No AEFE (French), German Auslandsschulwesen, US/College Board, or CIS/COBIS-exclusive schools were separately enumerated, so the true total accredited pool may be marginally higher; ±2 uncertainty from campus-split judgement. Whichever counting choice (20 vs 22) lands in the same scoring band. Most schools cluster in Denpasar and South Bali (Kerobokan/Canggu/Sanur/Jimbaran).
Bangkokmejor
40
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Conservative verified FLOOR of Bangkok-metro schools accredited by IB, Cambridge International, CIS, COBIS, or a US regional accreditor (WASC/NEASC). ISAT (the official Thai international-schools association) reports ~200 member schools nationwide, the large majority in Greater Bangkok, recognised by CIS/WASC/NEASC/EDT. Individually confirmed CIS/IB/Cambridge-accredited Bangkok schools include NIST (IB, CIS, NEASC), Bangkok Patana (IB, CIS, WASC), International School Bangkok (CIS/WASC), Shrewsbury (CIS, WASC, BSO), KIS (IB, CIS), Ascot (IB, CIS/Cambridge), Wellington College (COBIS), Harrow, Brighton College, Regent's, Bangkok Prep, Garden International, SISB (Cambridge) and others. 40 is set as a defensible lower bound; the true accredited-school count for the metro is materially higher.
- Notas
- UNDERCOUNT / floor value, not an exact tally. The IB, Cambridge, CIS and COBIS public school-finders are JavaScript-rendered and could not be exhaustively parsed at verification time, so an exact accreditor-by-accreditor count is not recorded. Aggregators list 100+ international schools in Bangkok; ISAT lists ~200 members nationwide (majority in Bangkok). 40 comfortably exceeds the top scoring anchor (25), so the floor does not distort the score. To be replaced with an exact accreditor-verified count when the directories can be enumerated.
02Homicide rate
Balimejor
0,3/100k
UNODC via World Bank (Intentional homicides per 100,000 people, Indonesia)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2022
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest available UNODC-sourced value is 0.30 per 100,000 for 2022 (World Bank series VC.IHR.PSRC.P5, sourced from the UNODC Data Portal). Indonesia's recorded intentional-homicide rate is very low by global standards; reporting has gaps between years.
Bangkok
1,84/100k
UNODC via World Bank (Intentional homicides, VC.IHR.PSRC.P5) — republished by Our World in Data
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2021
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- 1.84 per 100,000 is the last firm UNODC data point (2021). UNODC/World Bank have not published a Thailand value for 2022–2024 (Thailand reports offences, not victims, and recent national figures were not submitted to the official series). Third-party aggregators quote rising unofficial figures (~1.9 in 2022, ~2.2 in 2023, ~2.6 in 2024) but these are not in the UNODC/World Bank published series and are not recorded here. To be re-verified when UNODC releases a newer Thailand figure.
03Private healthcare cost
Bali
$3600/yr
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Comprehensive (outpatient + inpatient, ~USD 1m+ annual limit, small deductible) international/IPMI plans for a healthy 35-year-old resident foreigner in Indonesia are commonly quoted around USD 200–500/month; a mid-tier comprehensive plan midpoint ≈ USD 300/month ≈ USD 3,600/year. Premiums are quoted on request (age/coverage/evacuation dependent), so this is a curated market midpoint, not a public engine quote. Local BPJS Kesehatan (mandatory public scheme for KITAS holders) is far cheaper but not a comprehensive private-cover equivalent.
Bangkokmejor
$1300/yr
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Comprehensive (inpatient + outpatient) private medical insurance for a healthy 35-year-old resident foreigner: international/expat plans with solid inpatient cover run ≈ 25,000–65,000 THB/year; a healthy-35 midpoint ≈ 40,000–45,000 THB ≈ $1,200–1,350 at 33.32 THB/USD. Recorded midpoint ≈ $1,300. Local Thai policies are cheaper (12,000–35,000 THB) but carry more exclusions/territorial limits. Premiums are quoted on request, so this is a curated market midpoint, not a single public engine quote.
- Notas
- Thailand has no universal coverage for foreigners; residents typically buy private cover or pay out of pocket at Thailand's (relatively low-cost, high-quality) private hospitals. Long-stay visas (e.g. some retirement/LTR conditions) require minimum inpatient/outpatient coverage. Medical inflation ~5–8%/yr. Range ≈ $750–1,950.
04Air quality (PM2.5)
Balimejor
19,4 µg/m³
WHO Ambient Air Quality Database — Denpasar, Indonesia (annual mean PM2.5)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2019
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest citable annual-mean PM2.5 for Denpasar is ~19.4 µg/m³ (2019-vintage, WHO Ambient Air Quality Database) — reported as the cleanest air among Indonesian cities and within the national standard, but ~4× the WHO 2021 guideline (5 µg/m³). NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: no 2022–2024 city annual mean for Denpasar/Bali could be verified — Bali is absent from the IQAir 2023 World Air Quality Report city tables (insufficient qualifying monitoring that year) and no newer official BMKG/KLHK Bali annual PM2.5 series was located. Value kept for continuity but is stale; re-verify against the next WHO database update or a Bali provincial monitoring release. Bali has no heavy industry and readings run below Jakarta/Java, though dry-season crop and rubbish burning cause local spikes.
Bangkok
22,7 µg/m³
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2022
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- 22.7 µg/m³ is the last firm PCD Bangkok annual-mean figure (2022), the tail of a declining trend (27 in 2018, 26 in 2019, 23 in 2020, 23 in 2021, 22.7 in 2022). Independent 2024 city estimates run higher (IQAir 2024 World Air Quality Report ≈ 27 µg/m³); the World Bank satellite-derived Thailand national mean was 23.5 µg/m³ for 2023. All bases put Bangkok well above the WHO 2021 guideline (5 µg/m³) and around the Thai annual standard (15 µg/m³, tightened June 2023). Pollution is strongly seasonal — the Nov–Mar cool/dry season (agricultural burning + inversions) drives monthly means above 50 µg/m³, while the May–Aug monsoon washes them down to 10–20 µg/m³. To be re-verified against a newer official PCD single-year Bangkok annual mean.
05English proficiency
Bali
Low
EF EPI 2025 — Indonesia rank 80/123, score 471 (Low Proficiency band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): Indonesia scores 471 (Low band) nationally, though Jakarta scores 523 (Moderate). Bahasa Indonesia is the sole official language; English is workable in tourist/expat zones (Bali, South Jakarta) and among younger professionals, but limited in government offices and everyday services nationwide → 'low'.
Bangkok
Low
EF EPI 2025 — Thailand (rank 116/123, score 402, 'Very Low' band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI (attribution: EF Education First / Signum International AG). EF places Thailand nationally in the 'Very Low' band (score 402, rank 116/123), but English is markedly more workable for a resident in Bangkok (EF city score 467), tourist/expat hubs (Pattaya 474, Phuket 431, Chiang Mai 453) and the hospitality/service sector than the national score implies — hence 'low' rather than 'very-low' for day-to-day usability. Government offices and rural areas remain Thai-only in practice.
Dinero y cripto
Optimizar impuestos, banca y normas sobre cripto.
Bangkok encaja mejor: 2 de 3
01Crypto regulation
Bali
Legal regulated
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ago 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Crypto is legal to hold and trade as a regulated digital financial asset (supervision moved from Bappebti to OJK on 2025-01-10 under PP 49/2024; framework in POJK 27/2024 + POJK 23/2025), but is prohibited as a means of payment (only the rupiah is legal tender). Taxed: a final PPh of 0.21% on sales via domestic licensed platforms and 1% via foreign platforms (PMK 50/2025, effective 2025-08-01); VAT on the asset transfer itself was removed. Regulated, not exemption-friendly → 'legal-regulated'.
Bangkokmejor
Legal friendly
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 5 sept 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Crypto ('digital assets') is legal and regulated: exchanges, brokers and dealers must be licensed by the Thai SEC under the 2018 Digital Asset Business Decree (AML/KYC). Classified 'legal-friendly' because of an explicit tax break — under Ministerial Regulation No. 399 (Royal Gazette 5 Sept 2025), capital gains from selling crypto/digital tokens through a Thai-licensed exchange/broker/dealer are exempt from personal income tax for income received 1 Jan 2025–31 Dec 2029. Trading via unlicensed foreign platforms is discouraged/blockable and not covered by the exemption.
02Financial control level
Bali
Moderate
Bank Indonesia foreign-exchange regulations + DJP crypto/reporting rules (composite)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Composite: the rupiah is largely convertible and there are no hard capital controls on inbound/outbound personal transfers, but Bank Indonesia requires reporting/underlying-document evidence for FX purchases above a threshold (historically USD 25,000/month per customer without underlying documents), restricts rupiah use offshore, and mandates rupiah for domestic settlement; residents are taxed on worldwide income once tax-resident; foreigners can open local bank accounts but generally need a KITAS/KITAP and NPWP. More friction than a low-control hub, well short of strict capital controls → 'moderate'. NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: the current exact FX-without-documents threshold should be re-verified against a live Bank Indonesia regulation page (fetch was JS-walled).
Bangkok
Moderate
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 30 dic 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Composite: Thailand operates active exchange controls administered by the Bank of Thailand. The baht is not fully liberalized; residents may hold foreign-currency deposit (FCD) accounts and remit funds, but banks must verify supporting documents for inbound FX transactions of USD 200,000+ (BOT Circular, effective 29–30 Dec 2025) and report large non-resident transfers. Residents are taxed on worldwide income only when remitted to Thailand (Revenue Department remittance rule). Non-residents can open THB/FCD accounts with authorized banks. Foreigners can bank locally but face documentation friction; there is no FBAR-style personal foreign-asset disclosure. Neither low (like the EU) nor very-high (no hard capital lock-in) → moderate.
03Freelancer tax burden
Bali
9,1%
SettleMetric tax engine over official DJP rules (pajak.go.id: NPPN + PPh Pasal 17 + PTKP)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best cleanly-eligible scheme id-nppn-freelancer at €60,000 = 1,232,521,200 IDR (ECB 20,542.02 IDR/EUR). NPPN professional-services norm 50% → net income 616,260,600; minus PTKP TK/0 54,000,000 → PKP 562,260,600; progressive PPh (5/15/25/30%) = 112,678,180 IDR → 9.14% ≈ 9.1%. The 0.5% MSME final tax would give ~0.3% but its 7-year window and professional-services exclusion make it unreliable for a newly-registered foreign IT freelancer, so NPPN is the recorded best. Single filer; NPPN KLU-62 norm pending manual confirmation (50% vs 62.5% — see scheme notes).
Bangkokmejor
3,7%
SettleMetric tax engine over official Thai Revenue Department rules (rd.go.th)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best eligible scheme th-pit-40-8-business at €60,000 = 2,278,560 THB (ECB 37.976 THB/EUR): 60% Section 40(8) standard deduction → PIT base 911,424; less 60,000 personal allowance → taxable 851,424; progressive PIT (5% to 20% bands) = 85,284.80 THB → 3.74%. Social security is voluntary for the self-employed and excluded. Assumes the income is assessable in Thailand (remitted in-year); a non-remitting resident can owe 0% under the remittance rule.
Vida tranquila
Priorizar la seguridad, el aire y una vida diaria sencilla.
Bali encaja mejor: 2 de 4
01Homicide rate
Balimejor
0,3/100k
UNODC via World Bank (Intentional homicides per 100,000 people, Indonesia)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2022
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest available UNODC-sourced value is 0.30 per 100,000 for 2022 (World Bank series VC.IHR.PSRC.P5, sourced from the UNODC Data Portal). Indonesia's recorded intentional-homicide rate is very low by global standards; reporting has gaps between years.
Bangkok
1,84/100k
UNODC via World Bank (Intentional homicides, VC.IHR.PSRC.P5) — republished by Our World in Data
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2021
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- 1.84 per 100,000 is the last firm UNODC data point (2021). UNODC/World Bank have not published a Thailand value for 2022–2024 (Thailand reports offences, not victims, and recent national figures were not submitted to the official series). Third-party aggregators quote rising unofficial figures (~1.9 in 2022, ~2.2 in 2023, ~2.6 in 2024) but these are not in the UNODC/World Bank published series and are not recorded here. To be re-verified when UNODC releases a newer Thailand figure.
02Air quality (PM2.5)
Balimejor
19,4 µg/m³
WHO Ambient Air Quality Database — Denpasar, Indonesia (annual mean PM2.5)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2019
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest citable annual-mean PM2.5 for Denpasar is ~19.4 µg/m³ (2019-vintage, WHO Ambient Air Quality Database) — reported as the cleanest air among Indonesian cities and within the national standard, but ~4× the WHO 2021 guideline (5 µg/m³). NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: no 2022–2024 city annual mean for Denpasar/Bali could be verified — Bali is absent from the IQAir 2023 World Air Quality Report city tables (insufficient qualifying monitoring that year) and no newer official BMKG/KLHK Bali annual PM2.5 series was located. Value kept for continuity but is stale; re-verify against the next WHO database update or a Bali provincial monitoring release. Bali has no heavy industry and readings run below Jakarta/Java, though dry-season crop and rubbish burning cause local spikes.
Bangkok
22,7 µg/m³
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2022
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- 22.7 µg/m³ is the last firm PCD Bangkok annual-mean figure (2022), the tail of a declining trend (27 in 2018, 26 in 2019, 23 in 2020, 23 in 2021, 22.7 in 2022). Independent 2024 city estimates run higher (IQAir 2024 World Air Quality Report ≈ 27 µg/m³); the World Bank satellite-derived Thailand national mean was 23.5 µg/m³ for 2023. All bases put Bangkok well above the WHO 2021 guideline (5 µg/m³) and around the Thai annual standard (15 µg/m³, tightened June 2023). Pollution is strongly seasonal — the Nov–Mar cool/dry season (agricultural burning + inversions) drives monthly means above 50 µg/m³, while the May–Aug monsoon washes them down to 10–20 µg/m³. To be re-verified against a newer official PCD single-year Bangkok annual mean.
03Cost of living (single, excl. rent)
Bali
$700/mo
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 mar 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- BPS March-2024 average per-capita monthly expenditure is Rp 1,500,556 nationally (urban Rp 1,737,427), split food/non-food — but that is a rural-weighted per-capita floor far below a foreign remote worker's outlay. Curated single-person, non-rent urban (Jakarta-level) basket — groceries, eating out, transport/ride-hailing, utilities, mobile+home internet, modest leisure — sits around USD 650–750/month; recorded midpoint USD 700. NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: this is a modelled basket anchored on BPS composition, not a single official basket figure; refine with itemised BPS urban non-food lines and current retail prices next cycle.
Bangkokmejor
$560/mo
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 mar 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- NSO average monthly household expenditure ≈ 21,027 THB (March 2025). Removing about half of the 24.65% housing-&-utilities line as rent/imputed rent gives a household non-rent basket of ≈ 18,435 THB ≈ $553 at 33.32 THB/USD (37.976 THB/EUR ÷ 1.1399 USD/EUR, ECB 2026-07-02); used as a proxy for a single-person non-rent basket (a solo resident's non-rent spend roughly matches a small household's). Rounded to $560.
- Notas
- Whole-kingdom national average — Bangkok and expat-style living run higher (commonly ~$650–750/month excluding rent in market estimates). Non-rent basket: food, utilities, transport & communications, health, recreation, clothing (see cost-breakdown).
04Climate comfort
Bali
0/12 mo
SettleMetric computation over climate-normals (Ngurah Rai 1991–2020)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2020
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Criterion rule: months with mean daily maximum 15–28 °C AND precipitation < 150 mm. Bali's coldest month (Jul/Aug) still has a mean daily max of 29.2 °C, so NO month falls inside the 15–28 °C max window → 0 pleasant months by this temperate-comfort metric. This flags Bali as consistently hot/humid, not that it is unpleasant — the raw normals are shown so users judge by their own taste (many nomads prefer exactly this warmth).
Bangkok
0/12 mo
SettleMetric computation over climate-normals
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2020
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Criterion rule: months whose 1991–2020 normal has mean daily maximum between 15°C and 28°C AND precipitation < 150mm. Bangkok's coolest month (December) still has a mean daily max of 32.3°C, so NO month falls in the 15–28°C band → 0 pleasant months. The metric is calibrated for temperate climates; a tropical city reads 0 not because it is unpleasant to everyone but because it is consistently hot (32–36°C highs year-round). Users should read the raw normals for their own taste.
03
La comparación completa
Abre cualquier dato para ver qué mide, cómo de reciente es y el rastro completo de fuentes de ambas ciudades.
01
Impuestos
CriterioBaliBangkok
01+−Freelancer tax burden% effective burden at €60k/year self-employed profileBali9,1Bangkokmejor3,7
Qué mide esto
Effective total burden (income tax + mandatory social and health contributions) for a solo IT freelancer with €60,000/year revenue and 10% deductible expenses, using the most favourable eligible scheme in the country's tax-schemes data. Computed by the SettleMetric tax engine; recorded as a curated value with the winning scheme id in method.
Cuanto más bajo, mejor· % effective burden at €60k/year self-employed profile· se vuelve a verificar cada 365 días
Bali
SettleMetric tax engine over official DJP rules (pajak.go.id: NPPN + PPh Pasal 17 + PTKP)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best cleanly-eligible scheme id-nppn-freelancer at €60,000 = 1,232,521,200 IDR (ECB 20,542.02 IDR/EUR). NPPN professional-services norm 50% → net income 616,260,600; minus PTKP TK/0 54,000,000 → PKP 562,260,600; progressive PPh (5/15/25/30%) = 112,678,180 IDR → 9.14% ≈ 9.1%. The 0.5% MSME final tax would give ~0.3% but its 7-year window and professional-services exclusion make it unreliable for a newly-registered foreign IT freelancer, so NPPN is the recorded best. Single filer; NPPN KLU-62 norm pending manual confirmation (50% vs 62.5% — see scheme notes).
Bangkok
SettleMetric tax engine over official Thai Revenue Department rules (rd.go.th)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Best eligible scheme th-pit-40-8-business at €60,000 = 2,278,560 THB (ECB 37.976 THB/EUR): 60% Section 40(8) standard deduction → PIT base 911,424; less 60,000 personal allowance → taxable 851,424; progressive PIT (5% to 20% bands) = 85,284.80 THB → 3.74%. Social security is voluntary for the self-employed and excluded. Assumes the income is assessable in Thailand (remitted in-year); a non-remitting resident can owe 0% under the remittance rule.
02
Legalización
CriterioBaliBangkok
01+−Remote-work legalization easeBaliDedicated nomad visaBangkokDedicated nomad visa
Qué mide esto
Best available legalization route for a location-independent earner with a median (non-EU, non-US) passport, classified from this country's legalization-paths data: dedicated digital-nomad visa; general freelance/self-employment permit; realistic long-stay path (e.g. renewable temporary residence); only short visa-free/tourist stays; effectively none.
Valorado por categoría· se vuelve a verificar cada 180 días
Bali
Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi — E33G Visa Rumah Kedua Pekerja Jarak Jauh (remote worker)
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 abr 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Indonesia has a dedicated remote-worker permit: the E33G Remote Worker KITAS (live since April 2024) grants a 1-year, renewable limited stay to foreigners employed by a company established outside Indonesia, requiring USD 60,000/year foreign income and a USD 2,000 bank balance. Self-employed/sole traders and anyone with Indonesian-source income are excluded — a genuine gap for pure freelancers, who instead use the Second Home (E33) or Investor (E28A) KITAS.
Bangkok
Royal Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs — Destination Thailand Visa (DTV) checklist
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 15 jul 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Thailand has a dedicated digital-nomad visa: the Destination Thailand Visa (DTV), a 5-year multiple-entry visa (180 days/entry, extendable +180) for remote workers/freelancers, launched 15 July 2024, open to all nationalities with 500,000 THB of funds. The 10-year LTR 'Work-from-Thailand Professional' visa is an additional high-income remote-worker route with a foreign-income tax exemption.
03
Coste de vida
CriterioBaliBangkok
01+−Cost of living (single, excl. rent)USD/month, single person, excluding rentBali700Bangkokmejor560
Qué mide esto
Monthly cost of a defined single-person basket (food, transport, utilities, mobile+internet, modest leisure) excluding rent, curated from national statistics office price data and large local retailers' published prices, converted to USD at the ECB rate recorded in fx-rates. The method field of each value itemizes the basket inputs.
Cuanto más bajo, mejor· USD/month, single person, excluding rent· se vuelve a verificar cada 365 días
Bali
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 mar 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- BPS March-2024 average per-capita monthly expenditure is Rp 1,500,556 nationally (urban Rp 1,737,427), split food/non-food — but that is a rural-weighted per-capita floor far below a foreign remote worker's outlay. Curated single-person, non-rent urban (Jakarta-level) basket — groceries, eating out, transport/ride-hailing, utilities, mobile+home internet, modest leisure — sits around USD 650–750/month; recorded midpoint USD 700. NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: this is a modelled basket anchored on BPS composition, not a single official basket figure; refine with itemised BPS urban non-food lines and current retail prices next cycle.
Bangkok
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 mar 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- NSO average monthly household expenditure ≈ 21,027 THB (March 2025). Removing about half of the 24.65% housing-&-utilities line as rent/imputed rent gives a household non-rent basket of ≈ 18,435 THB ≈ $553 at 33.32 THB/USD (37.976 THB/EUR ÷ 1.1399 USD/EUR, ECB 2026-07-02); used as a proxy for a single-person non-rent basket (a solo resident's non-rent spend roughly matches a small household's). Rounded to $560.
- Notas
- Whole-kingdom national average — Bangkok and expat-style living run higher (commonly ~$650–750/month excluding rent in market estimates). Non-rent basket: food, utilities, transport & communications, health, recreation, clothing (see cost-breakdown).
Gasto mensual por categoría (sin alquiler)
Bali
Bangkok
BPS Household consumption composition (Maret 2024), curated into a single urban-resident basket
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 mar 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Category split follows the BPS food/non-food consumption structure, sized to the ~USD 700/mo single-person non-rent aggregate for an urban (Jakarta-level) resident. Illustrative allocation, not an official line-item table — see the NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW note on cost-of-living-single.
Thai National Statistical Office (NSO) Household Socio-Economic Survey (category shares), via TPSO
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 mar 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- NSO household expenditure by category (March 2025, 21,027 THB/household): food & non-alcoholic 39.13%, transport & communications 22.50%, housing & utilities 24.65% (utilities-only shown, rent excluded ≈ half), health 6.35%, recreation & education 4.03%, clothing 2.10%, alcohol & tobacco 1.24%. Converted at 33.32 THB/USD. Line items sum to ≈ $553, matching the ~$560 cost-of-living aggregate. National average — city living runs higher.
01Food & non-alcoholic beverages
Bali
—
Bangkok
$247
02Food & groceries
Bali
$220
Bangkok
—
03Utilities (electricity, water, gas)
Balimás barato
$70
Bangkok
$78
04Transport & communications
Bali
—
Bangkok
$142
05Restaurants & eating out
Bali
$120
Bangkok
—
06Transport (ride-hailing + public)
Bali
$90
Bangkok
—
07Recreation & culture
Bali
$90
Bangkok
—
08Household & personal goods
Bali
$70
Bangkok
—
09Mobile + home internet
Bali
$40
Bangkok
—
10Health & personal care
Bali
—
Bangkok
$40
11Recreation & education
Bali
—
Bangkok
$25
12Clothing & footwear
Bali
—
Bangkok
$13
13Alcohol & tobacco
Bali
—
Bangkok
$8
Total (sin alquiler)
Bali$700/mes
Bangkok$553/mes
04
Vivienda
Alquiler por tipo de vivienda
Alquiler de oferta: precio en el centro, con el de fuera del centro entre paréntesis ($/mes).
Bali
Bangkok
Visa Indonesia — Bali Rental Cost 2026 (long-term ranges by unit size and area)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 30 jun 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Midpoints of the guide's long-term IDR ranges, converted at 17,954 IDR/USD (2026-07-03). 'center' = South Bali nomad/expat hotspot (Canggu/Berawa/Seminyak): studio 10–30m→mid 20m ($1,114), 1BR 13–35m→24m ($1,337), 2BR 17–55m→36m ($2,005), 3BR (Bali mid-range 29–70m→~40m, $2,228). 'outside' = Denpasar and quieter residential Bali: studio 3.5–8m→5.75m ($320), 1BR 7–15m→11m ($613), 2BR 12–25m→18.5m ($1,030), 3BR (Bali budget 14–28m→21m, $1,170).
- Notas
- 'center'/'outside' here mean South Bali expat hotspots vs. Denpasar/quieter areas — Bali has no single CBD, so this maps location to demand tier rather than distance from a centre. All cells are DERIVED from published area ranges (range midpoints), not directly observed averages; 3BR uses Bali-wide tier figures (no per-area 3BR breakdown published). Furnished holiday-let rates are much higher; these are yearly-lease. See the rent-1br-center NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW note on source quality.
Superagent Bangkok condo rental district report 2026 + Global Property Guide (portal asking prices)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 30 jun 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Observed 2026 portal asking-price ranges by district and room count, converted at 33.32 THB/USD. Center = Sukhumvit core (Thonglor, Phrom Phong, Asoke, Sathorn, Silom); outside = outer/mid districts (Rama 9, Udomsuk, Saphan Kwai, Bang Phlat). 1BR: center 28,000 THB ($840, midpoint of 25,000–38,000), outside 15,000 THB ($450, midpoint of 12,000–18,000). 2BR: center 48,000 THB ($1,440, midpoint of 40,000–60,000), outside 28,000 THB ($840, midpoint of 20,000–32,000). Studio derived as ≈0.65× the 1BR of the same location (center $540, outside $300), consistent with observed budget studios ~8,000–12,000 THB outer and ~18,000–25,000 THB central. 3BR extrapolated as ≈1.35× the 2BR of the same location (center $1,950, outside $1,140).
- Notas
- DERIVED breakdown. Directly observed from the sources: 1BR and 2BR ranges by central vs outer district. Studio and 3BR cells are extrapolated from the observed 1BR/2BR figures using standard Bangkok size ratios and are flagged as estimates — no single portal report publishes a clean studio/1br/2br/3br × center/outside matrix. All values are asking prices, not transaction prices.
01Estudio
Bali
$1114$320 fuera del centro
Bangkokmás barato
$540$300 fuera del centro
021 dormitorio
Bali
$1337$613 fuera del centro
Bangkokmás barato
$840$450 fuera del centro
032 dormitorios
Bali
$2005$1030 fuera del centro
Bangkokmás barato
$1440$840 fuera del centro
043 dormitorios
Bali
$2228$1170 fuera del centro
Bangkokmás barato
$1950$1140 fuera del centro
05
Seguridad
CriterioBaliBangkok
01+−Homicide rateintentional homicides per 100,000/yearBalimejor0,3Bangkok1,8
Qué mide esto
Intentional homicide victims per 100,000 population, latest available year. Country level: UNODC national series. City level: official municipal/police statistics where published; otherwise null (country value shown as country-level).
Cuanto más bajo, mejor· intentional homicides per 100,000/year· se vuelve a verificar cada 730 días
Bali
UNODC via World Bank (Intentional homicides per 100,000 people, Indonesia)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2022
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest available UNODC-sourced value is 0.30 per 100,000 for 2022 (World Bank series VC.IHR.PSRC.P5, sourced from the UNODC Data Portal). Indonesia's recorded intentional-homicide rate is very low by global standards; reporting has gaps between years.
Bangkok
UNODC via World Bank (Intentional homicides, VC.IHR.PSRC.P5) — republished by Our World in Data
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2021
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- 1.84 per 100,000 is the last firm UNODC data point (2021). UNODC/World Bank have not published a Thailand value for 2022–2024 (Thailand reports offences, not victims, and recent national figures were not submitted to the official series). Third-party aggregators quote rising unofficial figures (~1.9 in 2022, ~2.2 in 2023, ~2.6 in 2024) but these are not in the UNODC/World Bank published series and are not recorded here. To be re-verified when UNODC releases a newer Thailand figure.
06
Clima
CriterioBaliBangkok
01+−Climate comfortpleasant months/yearBali0Bangkok0
Qué mide esto
Number of months whose 1991–2020 climate normals satisfy: mean daily maximum between 15°C and 28°C and monthly precipitation under 150mm. Computed from the city's climate-normals indicator; the raw normals are stored alongside so users can judge by their own taste.
Cuanto más alto, mejor· pleasant months/year· se vuelve a verificar cada 3650 días
Bali
SettleMetric computation over climate-normals (Ngurah Rai 1991–2020)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2020
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Criterion rule: months with mean daily maximum 15–28 °C AND precipitation < 150 mm. Bali's coldest month (Jul/Aug) still has a mean daily max of 29.2 °C, so NO month falls inside the 15–28 °C max window → 0 pleasant months by this temperate-comfort metric. This flags Bali as consistently hot/humid, not that it is unpleasant — the raw normals are shown so users judge by their own taste (many nomads prefer exactly this warmth).
Bangkok
SettleMetric computation over climate-normals
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2020
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Criterion rule: months whose 1991–2020 normal has mean daily maximum between 15°C and 28°C AND precipitation < 150mm. Bangkok's coolest month (December) still has a mean daily max of 32.3°C, so NO month falls in the 15–28°C band → 0 pleasant months. The metric is calibrated for temperate climates; a tropical city reads 0 not because it is unpleasant to everyone but because it is consistently hot (32–36°C highs year-round). Users should read the raw normals for their own taste.
02+−Air quality (PM2.5)µg/m³, annual mean PM2.5Balimejor19,4Bangkok22,7
Qué mide esto
Annual mean fine-particulate (PM2.5) concentration for the city, latest available year. Anchors follow the WHO 2021 guideline (5 µg/m³ → 10) through the EU limit value territory (25 µg/m³ → 2). Preferred source: European Environment Agency city-level air quality data; outside Europe: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database or the national monitoring network.
Cuanto más bajo, mejor· µg/m³, annual mean PM2.5· se vuelve a verificar cada 730 días
Bali
WHO Ambient Air Quality Database — Denpasar, Indonesia (annual mean PM2.5)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2019
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Latest citable annual-mean PM2.5 for Denpasar is ~19.4 µg/m³ (2019-vintage, WHO Ambient Air Quality Database) — reported as the cleanest air among Indonesian cities and within the national standard, but ~4× the WHO 2021 guideline (5 µg/m³). NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: no 2022–2024 city annual mean for Denpasar/Bali could be verified — Bali is absent from the IQAir 2023 World Air Quality Report city tables (insufficient qualifying monitoring that year) and no newer official BMKG/KLHK Bali annual PM2.5 series was located. Value kept for continuity but is stale; re-verify against the next WHO database update or a Bali provincial monitoring release. Bali has no heavy industry and readings run below Jakarta/Java, though dry-season crop and rubbish burning cause local spikes.
Bangkok
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2022
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- 22.7 µg/m³ is the last firm PCD Bangkok annual-mean figure (2022), the tail of a declining trend (27 in 2018, 26 in 2019, 23 in 2020, 23 in 2021, 22.7 in 2022). Independent 2024 city estimates run higher (IQAir 2024 World Air Quality Report ≈ 27 µg/m³); the World Bank satellite-derived Thailand national mean was 23.5 µg/m³ for 2023. All bases put Bangkok well above the WHO 2021 guideline (5 µg/m³) and around the Thai annual standard (15 µg/m³, tightened June 2023). Pollution is strongly seasonal — the Nov–Mar cool/dry season (agricultural burning + inversions) drives monthly means above 50 µg/m³, while the May–Aug monsoon washes them down to 10–20 µg/m³. To be re-verified against a newer official PCD single-year Bangkok annual mean.
07
Sanidad
CriterioBaliBangkok
01+−Private healthcare costUSD/year, comprehensive private insurance premium, healthy 35-year-oldBali3600Bangkokmejor1300
Qué mide esto
Median of at least three publicly quoted annual premiums for comprehensive private medical insurance (outpatient + inpatient, ~$100k coverage, small deductible) for a healthy 35-year-old resident foreigner, from local and international insurers. Method field lists the insurers quoted.
Cuanto más bajo, mejor· USD/year, comprehensive private insurance premium, healthy 35-year-old· se vuelve a verificar cada 365 días
Bali
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Comprehensive (outpatient + inpatient, ~USD 1m+ annual limit, small deductible) international/IPMI plans for a healthy 35-year-old resident foreigner in Indonesia are commonly quoted around USD 200–500/month; a mid-tier comprehensive plan midpoint ≈ USD 300/month ≈ USD 3,600/year. Premiums are quoted on request (age/coverage/evacuation dependent), so this is a curated market midpoint, not a public engine quote. Local BPJS Kesehatan (mandatory public scheme for KITAS holders) is far cheaper but not a comprehensive private-cover equivalent.
Bangkok
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Comprehensive (inpatient + outpatient) private medical insurance for a healthy 35-year-old resident foreigner: international/expat plans with solid inpatient cover run ≈ 25,000–65,000 THB/year; a healthy-35 midpoint ≈ 40,000–45,000 THB ≈ $1,200–1,350 at 33.32 THB/USD. Recorded midpoint ≈ $1,300. Local Thai policies are cheaper (12,000–35,000 THB) but carry more exclusions/territorial limits. Premiums are quoted on request, so this is a curated market midpoint, not a single public engine quote.
- Notas
- Thailand has no universal coverage for foreigners; residents typically buy private cover or pay out of pocket at Thailand's (relatively low-cost, high-quality) private hospitals. Long-stay visas (e.g. some retirement/LTR conditions) require minimum inpatient/outpatient coverage. Medical inflation ~5–8%/yr. Range ≈ $750–1,950.
08
Dinero y cripto
CriterioBaliBangkok
01+−Crypto regulationBaliLegal regulatedBangkokmejorLegal friendly
Qué mide esto
Own classification of the legal status of holding, trading and cashing out cryptocurrency for individuals: legal-friendly (legal with clear, favourable rules or explicit tax exemptions), legal-regulated (legal under standard licensing/AML and taxation), restricted (partial bans: payments or banking access prohibited), banned (holding/trading prohibited). Classified from national regulators' and central banks' official positions.
Valorado por categoría· se vuelve a verificar cada 180 días
Bali
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ago 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Crypto is legal to hold and trade as a regulated digital financial asset (supervision moved from Bappebti to OJK on 2025-01-10 under PP 49/2024; framework in POJK 27/2024 + POJK 23/2025), but is prohibited as a means of payment (only the rupiah is legal tender). Taxed: a final PPh of 0.21% on sales via domestic licensed platforms and 1% via foreign platforms (PMK 50/2025, effective 2025-08-01); VAT on the asset transfer itself was removed. Regulated, not exemption-friendly → 'legal-regulated'.
Bangkok
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 5 sept 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Crypto ('digital assets') is legal and regulated: exchanges, brokers and dealers must be licensed by the Thai SEC under the 2018 Digital Asset Business Decree (AML/KYC). Classified 'legal-friendly' because of an explicit tax break — under Ministerial Regulation No. 399 (Royal Gazette 5 Sept 2025), capital gains from selling crypto/digital tokens through a Thai-licensed exchange/broker/dealer are exempt from personal income tax for income received 1 Jan 2025–31 Dec 2029. Trading via unlicensed foreign platforms is discouraged/blockable and not covered by the exemption.
02+−Financial control levelBaliModerateBangkokModerate
Qué mide esto
Own composite of state control over personal money flows: currency/capital controls (IMF AREAER), restrictions on foreign accounts and transfers, mandatory income declaration scope for residents, cash payment limits, banking access for foreigners. Low = free movement of personal funds and easy non-resident banking; very-high = strict capital controls and pervasive reporting. Method field on each value lists the inputs used.
Valorado por categoría· se vuelve a verificar cada 365 días
Bali
Bank Indonesia foreign-exchange regulations + DJP crypto/reporting rules (composite)
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Composite: the rupiah is largely convertible and there are no hard capital controls on inbound/outbound personal transfers, but Bank Indonesia requires reporting/underlying-document evidence for FX purchases above a threshold (historically USD 25,000/month per customer without underlying documents), restricts rupiah use offshore, and mandates rupiah for domestic settlement; residents are taxed on worldwide income once tax-resident; foreigners can open local bank accounts but generally need a KITAS/KITAP and NPWP. More friction than a low-control hub, well short of strict capital controls → 'moderate'. NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: the current exact FX-without-documents threshold should be re-verified against a live Bank Indonesia regulation page (fetch was JS-walled).
Bangkok
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 30 dic 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Composite: Thailand operates active exchange controls administered by the Bank of Thailand. The baht is not fully liberalized; residents may hold foreign-currency deposit (FCD) accounts and remit funds, but banks must verify supporting documents for inbound FX transactions of USD 200,000+ (BOT Circular, effective 29–30 Dec 2025) and report large non-resident transfers. Residents are taxed on worldwide income only when remitted to Thailand (Revenue Department remittance rule). Non-residents can open THB/FCD accounts with authorized banks. Foreigners can bank locally but face documentation friction; there is no FBAR-style personal foreign-asset disclosure. Neither low (like the EU) nor very-high (no hard capital lock-in) → moderate.
09
Infraestructura
CriterioBaliBangkok
01+−Domestic delivery qualityBaliGoodBangkokGood
Qué mide esto
Quality of in-country parcel delivery. excellent = nationwide next-day widely available, dense parcel-locker network, real-time tracking standard; good = 1–3 day delivery, lockers in major cities; basic = reliable but slow (3–7 days), mostly to-door or post-office pickup; poor = unreliable delivery, street addresses often unusable, informal workarounds common. Classified from official service/coverage data of the national postal operator and the two largest private carriers; inputs itemized in each value's method field.
Valorado por categoría· se vuelve a verificar cada 730 días
Bali
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Dense, competitive parcel market: Pos Indonesia (national operator) plus JNE, J&T Express, SiCepat, Ninja Xpress and on-demand couriers (GoSend, GrabExpress) give 1–3 day delivery in Java and major cities and same-day intra-city; tracking is standard. Reach to remote islands is slower and address quality is uneven, so 'good' rather than 'excellent'. Parcel-locker networks are limited vs Europe.
Bangkok
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Dense, competitive parcel market: Thailand Post (nationwide, ~5,000 outlets), plus private carriers Flash Express, Kerry Express, J&T Express, and platform logistics (Lazada, Shopee). 1–3 day delivery is the norm in and between cities; next-day common within Bangkok and major metros. Cash-on-delivery is widespread. Rated 'good' rather than 'excellent': coverage and tracking are strong in cities but rural/remote delivery is slower and parcel-locker networks are far less pervasive than in top-tier markets.
02+−International delivery easeBaliSignificant frictionBangkokSignificant friction
Qué mide esto
Ease of receiving goods from abroad. seamless = major international carriers deliver door-to-door, meaningful duty-free de-minimis threshold, customs clearance predictable in days; minor-friction = carriers present but low de-minimis, extra paperwork or routine delays; significant-friction = frequent customs holds, high brokerage fees, some marketplaces refuse to ship; unreliable = parcels regularly lost or blocked, informal import channels dominate. De-minimis thresholds and clearance rules from the national customs authority (official source, cite the regulation); carrier presence from carriers' official pages.
Valorado por categoría· se vuelve a verificar cada 365 días
Bali
Indonesian Customs (Bea Cukai) / Ministry of Finance — de-minimis lowered to USD 3 FOB (PMK 4/2025)
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Major carriers (DHL, FedEx, UPS) serve Indonesia, but the duty-free de-minimis is only USD 3 FOB per shipment (lowered from USD 75; tiered import duty 0/15/25% plus 11% VAT above that), and customs clearance on personal imports is frequently slow with brokerage fees. Low de-minimis + routine customs handling → 'significant-friction'. NEEDS MANUAL REVIEW: re-confirm the exact current PMK reference and threshold on beacukai.go.id (fetch was blocked; USD 3 figure cross-read from customs-guidance sources citing PMK 4/2025).
Bangkok
Fuente oficial
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 ene 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Major international carriers (DHL, FedEx, UPS) deliver door-to-door and clearance is generally predictable in days. But friction has risen sharply: 7% import VAT applies to all parcels since July 2024, and from 1 January 2026 the 1,500 THB de-minimis duty-free threshold was abolished entirely — every imported good is now potentially subject to customs duty plus VAT, with brokerage handling fees. Combined with routine documentation requirements, this puts Thailand at 'significant-friction' for receiving goods from abroad.
03+−Internet speedMbps, median fixed downloadBali9,5Bangkokmejor15,9
Qué mide esto
Median fixed-broadband download speed over the trailing 6 months from M-Lab NDT open data (CC0), aggregated at country or city level. Not comparable with Ookla figures (different test methodology) — do not mix sources within this criterion.
Cuanto más alto, mejor· Mbps, median fixed download· se vuelve a verificar cada 365 días
Bali
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Indonesia (2023)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2023
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Median download ≈ 9.3–9.8 Mbps across the 2023 daily country medians (~4.3M tests) from M-Lab's public NDT statistics API; recorded midpoint 9.5 Mbps. 2024/2026 aggregate files were not retrievable at the time of check.
- Notas
- M-Lab NDT is single-stream and reads far below Ookla-style figures (Ookla put Indonesia fixed broadband ~28–41 Mbps in 2024–2025) — comparable only within this criterion, never mixed with Ookla.
Bangkok
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Thailand (2024)
Datos abiertos
- Datos a fecha de
- 31 dic 2024
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- M-Lab NDT is single-stream and reads well below Ookla-style figures (Ookla's Speedtest Index put Thailand fixed-broadband median ≈ 237 Mbps in 2025) — the two are not comparable and must not be mixed within this criterion. Thailand's real-world fixed broadband (fibre) is among the fastest/cheapest in the region; the low M-Lab number reflects test methodology, not typical line speed. Value is the median of 2024 daily country medians from M-Lab's public stats API.
10
Idioma
CriterioBaliBangkok
01+−English proficiencyBaliLowBangkokLow
Qué mide esto
Own banding of how far English gets a resident in daily life (government offices, healthcare, housing, services). Informed by EF EPI band (research source, cited with attribution, not republished) plus official language status and service-sector realities. Values are our bands, not EF scores.
Valorado por categoría· se vuelve a verificar cada 730 días
Bali
EF EPI 2025 — Indonesia rank 80/123, score 471 (Low Proficiency band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): Indonesia scores 471 (Low band) nationally, though Jakarta scores 523 (Moderate). Bahasa Indonesia is the sole official language; English is workable in tourist/expat zones (Bali, South Jakarta) and among younger professionals, but limited in government offices and everyday services nationwide → 'low'.
Bangkok
EF EPI 2025 — Thailand (rank 116/123, score 402, 'Very Low' band)
Estudio
- Datos a fecha de
- 1 nov 2025
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Notas
- Own band informed by EF EPI (attribution: EF Education First / Signum International AG). EF places Thailand nationally in the 'Very Low' band (score 402, rank 116/123), but English is markedly more workable for a resident in Bangkok (EF city score 467), tourist/expat hubs (Pattaya 474, Phuket 431, Chiang Mai 453) and the hospitality/service sector than the national score implies — hence 'low' rather than 'very-low' for day-to-day usability. Government offices and rural areas remain Thai-only in practice.
11
Educación
CriterioBaliBangkok
01+−International schoolsaccredited international schools, countBali20Bangkokmejor40
Qué mide esto
Count of international schools in the metro area accredited by or member of IB, CIS, COBIS, or an equivalent national-curriculum-abroad body (verified against the accreditor's public registry, not aggregator sites).
Cuanto más alto, mejor· accredited international schools, count· se vuelve a verificar cada 730 días
Bali
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Union of two accreditor registries, verified directly (both are JS-rendered, read in a browser). IB World Schools in Bali (5): Alam Kidz School Bali, Australian Independent School Indonesia (Bali), Bali Island School, Canggu Community School, Gandhi Memorial Intercontinental School Bali. Cambridge-registered schools in Bali (19): ACS Bali, Asian Intercultural School Bali, Bukit Sunrise School, Canggu Community School*, Cendekia Harapan, Dyatmika School, ProEd Global School, ProEd Global School Nuanu, Regents Primary School, Regents Secondary School Bali, Santosa Intercultural School, Sanur Independent School, Sekolah Lentera Kasih–Lollypop, Sekolah Stella Mundi, SPK SD CHIS Denpasar, Taman Rama Intercultural School, The Gandhi Memorial Intercontinental School*, Tunjung Sari School, Widya Nusantara School (* = also IB, counted once). Union = 5 + 19 − 2 overlaps = 22 registry entries; collapsing obvious same-institution campus splits (Regents Primary + Regents Secondary → 1; ProEd Global + ProEd Global Nuanu → 1) gives ~20 distinct international schools. Recorded 20.
- Notas
- Count is IB + Cambridge only (verified against each accreditor's own finder, not aggregator sites). No AEFE (French), German Auslandsschulwesen, US/College Board, or CIS/COBIS-exclusive schools were separately enumerated, so the true total accredited pool may be marginally higher; ±2 uncertainty from campus-split judgement. Whichever counting choice (20 vs 22) lands in the same scoring band. Most schools cluster in Denpasar and South Bali (Kerobokan/Canggu/Sanur/Jimbaran).
Bangkok
Recopilado por SettleMetric
- Datos a fecha de
- 4 jul 2026
- Verificado
- 4 jul 2026
- Método
- Conservative verified FLOOR of Bangkok-metro schools accredited by IB, Cambridge International, CIS, COBIS, or a US regional accreditor (WASC/NEASC). ISAT (the official Thai international-schools association) reports ~200 member schools nationwide, the large majority in Greater Bangkok, recognised by CIS/WASC/NEASC/EDT. Individually confirmed CIS/IB/Cambridge-accredited Bangkok schools include NIST (IB, CIS, NEASC), Bangkok Patana (IB, CIS, WASC), International School Bangkok (CIS/WASC), Shrewsbury (CIS, WASC, BSO), KIS (IB, CIS), Ascot (IB, CIS/Cambridge), Wellington College (COBIS), Harrow, Brighton College, Regent's, Bangkok Prep, Garden International, SISB (Cambridge) and others. 40 is set as a defensible lower bound; the true accredited-school count for the metro is materially higher.
- Notas
- UNDERCOUNT / floor value, not an exact tally. The IB, Cambridge, CIS and COBIS public school-finders are JavaScript-rendered and could not be exhaustively parsed at verification time, so an exact accreditor-by-accreditor count is not recorded. Aggregators list 100+ international schools in Bangkok; ISAT lists ~200 members nationwide (majority in Bangkok). 40 comfortably exceeds the top scoring anchor (25), so the floor does not distort the score. To be replaced with an exact accreditor-verified count when the directories can be enumerated.