Bulgaria vs Türkiye
Bulgaria is ahead on money & crypto, safety, housing, language, infrastructure. Türkiye is ahead on taxes. Full criterion-by-criterion data below.
Verified
Scoreboard
The key numbers head-to-head — the stronger side is marked. The overall score stays decoration; what matters is which facts fit you.
| Bulgaria | Türkiye | |
|---|---|---|
| Cost of living (single, excl. rent) | $460/moiNSI Bulgaria — Income, Expenditure and Consumption of Households in 2024 (Household Budget Survey) Curated by SettleMetric
| $450/moiTÜİK — Household Consumption Expenditure 2024 (per-capita COICOP), CPI-uplifted Curated by SettleMetric
|
| Rent: 1-bedroom (city avg) | ★$570/moiCurated by SettleMetric
| $720/moiEndeksa Istanbul rental index + reported 1+1 city-average asking rents Curated by SettleMetric
|
| Freelancer tax burden | 18.1%iCurated by SettleMetric
| ★4.4%iCurated by SettleMetric
|
| Homicide rate | ★1.23/100kiEurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (crim_off_cat, ICCS0101, unit P_HTHAB, geo=BG) Open data
| 3.23/100kiWorld Bank / UNODC — intentional homicides per 100,000 (Türkiye, 2023) Open data
|
| Internet speed | ★43 MbpsiM-Lab NDT country aggregates for Bulgaria Open data
| 12 MbpsiM-Lab NDT country aggregates for Türkiye (Asia grouping) Open data
|
| English proficiency | ★HighiEF EPI 2025 — Bulgaria (score 594, rank 18/123, High band) Research
| LowiEF EPI 2025 — Türkiye (rank 71/123, score 488, Low band) Research
|
| Private healthcare cost | ★$820/yriCurated market survey of Bulgarian voluntary health insurers (2026) Curated by SettleMetric
| $860/yriCurated by SettleMetric
|
Verdict
Each lens weighs only the facts that matter to that plan, and names the side it favours.
Contract or freelance in tech, billing clients abroad.
Bulgaria fits better — 3 of 5
| Bulgaria | Türkiye | |
|---|---|---|
| Freelancer tax burden | 18.1%iCurated by SettleMetric
| ★4.4%iCurated by SettleMetric
|
| Internet speed | ★43 MbpsiM-Lab NDT country aggregates for Bulgaria Open data
| 12 MbpsiM-Lab NDT country aggregates for Türkiye (Asia grouping) Open data
|
| English proficiency | ★HighiEF EPI 2025 — Bulgaria (score 594, rank 18/123, High band) Research
| LowiEF EPI 2025 — Türkiye (rank 71/123, score 488, Low band) Research
|
| Cost of living (single, excl. rent) | $460/moiNSI Bulgaria — Income, Expenditure and Consumption of Households in 2024 (Household Budget Survey) Curated by SettleMetric
| $450/moiTÜİK — Household Consumption Expenditure 2024 (per-capita COICOP), CPI-uplifted Curated by SettleMetric
|
| Domestic delivery quality | ★ExcellentiEcont and Speedy — Bulgaria's dominant courier networks Curated by SettleMetric
| GoodiTurkish carrier ecosystem — PTT + Yurtiçi/Aras/MNG/Sürat/Sendeo/HepsiJET/Trendyol Express Curated by SettleMetric
|
Relocating with a partner and school-age children.
Bulgaria fits better — 3 of 3
| Bulgaria | Türkiye | |
|---|---|---|
| Homicide rate | ★1.23/100kiEurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (crim_off_cat, ICCS0101, unit P_HTHAB, geo=BG) Open data
| 3.23/100kiWorld Bank / UNODC — intentional homicides per 100,000 (Türkiye, 2023) Open data
|
| Private healthcare cost | ★$820/yriCurated market survey of Bulgarian voluntary health insurers (2026) Curated by SettleMetric
| $860/yriCurated by SettleMetric
|
| English proficiency | ★HighiEF EPI 2025 — Bulgaria (score 594, rank 18/123, High band) Research
| LowiEF EPI 2025 — Türkiye (rank 71/123, score 488, Low band) Research
|
Optimising tax, banking and crypto rules.
A close call for this plan
| Bulgaria | Türkiye | |
|---|---|---|
| Crypto regulation | Legal regulatediOfficial source
| Legal regulatediOfficial source
|
| Financial control level | ★LowiOfficial source
| ModerateiRevenue Administration (GİB) — cash-payment documentation (tevsik) limit; CBRT crypto-payment ban Official source
|
| Freelancer tax burden | 18.1%iCurated by SettleMetric
| ★4.4%iCurated by SettleMetric
|
Prioritising safety, air, and an easy daily life.
Bulgaria fits better — 1 of 2
| Bulgaria | Türkiye | |
|---|---|---|
| Homicide rate | ★1.23/100kiEurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (crim_off_cat, ICCS0101, unit P_HTHAB, geo=BG) Open data
| 3.23/100kiWorld Bank / UNODC — intentional homicides per 100,000 (Türkiye, 2023) Open data
|
| Cost of living (single, excl. rent) | $460/moiNSI Bulgaria — Income, Expenditure and Consumption of Households in 2024 (Household Budget Survey) Curated by SettleMetric
| $450/moiTÜİK — Household Consumption Expenditure 2024 (per-capita COICOP), CPI-uplifted Curated by SettleMetric
|
Details
Taxes
Freelancer tax burden% effective burden at €60k/year self-employed profile18.17.44.410.0
What this measures
Effective total burden (income tax + mandatory social and health contributions) for a solo IT freelancer with €60,000/year revenue and 10% deductible expenses, using the most favourable eligible scheme in the country's tax-schemes data. Computed by the SettleMetric tax engine; recorded as a curated value with the winning scheme id in method.
Bulgaria
Curated by SettleMetric
- Data as of
- Jan 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Method
- Best representative freelancer scheme at €60,000, single = свободна професия (scheme bg-svobodna-profesia): 25% deemed expenses → base €45,000; social 27.8% capped at €7,044.43 (max insurable income €2,111.64/mo); 10% tax on €37,955.57 = €3,795.56. Levies €10,839.99 → 18.1%. The ЕООД company chain (10% + 5% dividend) shows a lower headline (~14.5%) but excludes the compulsory owner-manager social insurance, so свободна професия is the honest freelancer burden.
Türkiye
Curated by SettleMetric
- Data as of
- Jan 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Method
- Best eligible scheme at €60,000 (~3,193,644 TL) for an IT freelancer serving FOREIGN clients (scheme tr-freelancer-export): the 100% service-export income deduction (raised from 80% for 2026) zeroes the income tax; only the fixed minimum Bağ-Kur social premium (11,808.23 TL/month = 141,699/yr) is due. Burden = 141,699 / 3,193,644 = 4.4%. Serving Turkish clients instead (no export deduction) runs ~31–33% (progressive + Bağ-Kur).
Legalization
Remote-work legalization easeDedicated nomad visa10.0Dedicated nomad visa10.0
What this measures
Best available legalization route for a location-independent earner with a median (non-EU, non-US) passport, classified from this country's legalization-paths data: dedicated digital-nomad visa; general freelance/self-employment permit; realistic long-stay path (e.g. renewable temporary residence); only short visa-free/tourist stays; effectively none.
Bulgaria
Official source
- Data as of
- Jan 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Notes
- Bulgaria created a dedicated digital-nomad residence route via the June 2025 Foreigners Act amendment, opened to applications for 2026 — for non-EU remote workers earning from abroad (income ≥ 50× the previous year's monthly minimum wage, ~€27,500/year). Combined with the 10% flat tax and low cost of living it is one of the EU's most attractive nomad setups. EU/EEA/Swiss citizens simply exercise free movement.
Türkiye
GoTürkiye (official) — Digital Nomad Visa program
Official source
- Data as of
- Jan 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Notes
- Türkiye runs a dedicated digital-nomad route on the government GoTürkiye platform (Digital Nomad Identification Certificate → visa → short-term residence), for degree-holding remote workers aged 21–55 earning ≥ $3,000/month from abroad. A short-term residence permit (ikamet) is the general fallback. Combined with the 100% service-export tax deduction it is a strong, low-tax remote-work base.
Cost of living
Cost of living (single, excl. rent)USD/month, single person, excluding rent46010.045010.0
What this measures
Monthly cost of a defined single-person basket (food, transport, utilities, mobile+internet, modest leisure) excluding rent, curated from national statistics office price data and large local retailers' published prices, converted to USD at the ECB rate recorded in fx-rates. The method field of each value itemizes the basket inputs.
Bulgaria
NSI Bulgaria — Income, Expenditure and Consumption of Households in 2024 (Household Budget Survey)
Curated by SettleMetric
- Data as of
- Dec 31, 2024
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Method
- NSI HBS 2024 consumer expenditure per household member = BGN 9,466/yr (COICOP consumption, effectively rent-free — Bulgaria doesn't impute owner rent, ~85% ownership, housing line is utilities). 9,466 ÷ 12 = 788.83 BGN/mo ÷ 1.95583 = €403.32/mo × 1.1399 = $459.75/mo → $460. Household-Budget-Survey basis chosen for peer consistency (matching the capture ratio of the Spain/Czechia figures). Bulgaria is the cheapest of the peer set.
- Notes
- The cheapest vs peers (BG ~$460 < CZ ~$785 < ES ~$941), consistent with income levels. Bulgaria adopted the euro on 1 Jan 2026 (1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN).
Türkiye
TÜİK — Household Consumption Expenditure 2024 (per-capita COICOP), CPI-uplifted
Curated by SettleMetric
- Data as of
- Jun 30, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Method
- TÜİK 2024 average household consumption 45,344 TRY/mo ÷ 3.1 persons = 14,627 TRY/capita (2024). Housing (26.0%) split ~70% rent (excluded) / ~30% utilities (kept), matching the peer basis. Excl-rent per-capita uplifted to mid-2026 by TÜİK CPI ×1.7534 and converted at 46.65 TRY/USD (TCMB 2026-07-02) → ≈$450.
- Notes
- WARNING — lira volatility: with ~32% annual inflation and a constantly repricing FX rate, this USD figure carries a ±15–20% band and shifts month to month; the TRY has appreciated in real terms since 2024, so Türkiye's USD cost of living has been RISING even as it stays below EU peers. All-household per-capita basis; Istanbul/İzmir run above the national figure.
| Category | BulgariaiNSI Bulgaria — Household Budget Survey 2024 (consumer expenditure by group) Curated by SettleMetric
| TürkiyeiTÜİK Household Consumption Expenditure 2024 (per-capita COICOP), CPI-uplifted Curated by SettleMetric
|
|---|---|---|
| Food & non-alcoholic beverages | $163 | $99 |
| Transport | $41 | $119 |
| Housing utilities (water, electricity, gas, fuels) | $61 | — |
| Clothing & footwear | $21 | $28 |
| Housing utilities (energy, water, maintenance) excl. rent | — | $43 |
| Recreation, culture & education | $38 | — |
| Restaurants & accommodation | — | $36 |
| Health | $35 | — |
| Furnishings & household equipment | — | $32 |
| Miscellaneous goods & services | $28 | — |
| Furnishing & household maintenance | $28 | — |
| Communications | $23 | — |
| Alcoholic beverages & tobacco | $22 | — |
| Personal care & miscellaneous goods/services | — | $21 |
| Information & communication | — | $20 |
| Alcohol & tobacco | — | $14 |
| Health (out-of-pocket) | — | $13 |
| Recreation, sport & culture | — | $13 |
| Education services | — | $9 |
| Insurance & financial services | — | $4 |
| Total (excl. rent) | $460/mo | $451/mo |
Housing
Asking rent, central price with outside-centre in parentheses ($/mo).
| Apartment | BulgariaiSettleMetric — population-weighted average of covered cities (Plovdiv, Sofia) Curated by SettleMetric
| TürkiyeiSettleMetric — population-weighted average of covered cities (Antalya, Istanbul) Curated by SettleMetric
|
|---|---|---|
| Studio | $378 ($266) | $353 ($182) |
| 1-bedroom | $504 ($355) | $471 ($244) |
| 2-bedroom | $758 ($532) | $706 ($366) |
| 3-bedroom | $1,072 ($754) | $1,000 ($518) |
Safety
Homicide rateintentional homicides per 100,000/year1.28.53.26.1
What this measures
Intentional homicide victims per 100,000 population, latest available year. Country level: UNODC national series. City level: official municipal/police statistics where published; otherwise null (country value shown as country-level).
Bulgaria
Eurostat — police-recorded intentional homicide (crim_off_cat, ICCS0101, unit P_HTHAB, geo=BG)
Open data
- Data as of
- Dec 31, 2024
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Notes
- Police-recorded intentional homicide, 2024 (1.23). Downward trend from 2.29 in 2008; recent years 2020 0.96, 2021 1.29, 2022 1.11, 2023 1.15, 2024 1.23. Moderate by European standards.
Türkiye
World Bank / UNODC — intentional homicides per 100,000 (Türkiye, 2023)
Open data
- Data as of
- Dec 31, 2023
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Notes
- UNODC series via the World Bank: 3.23 per 100,000 in 2023 (up from 2.62 in 2022; the series has gaps and swings). 2024/2025 not yet published. Türkiye is not covered by Eurostat, so cross-country comparison relies on the UNODC series. Moderate-to-higher than the European peers in the set.
Healthcare
Private healthcare costUSD/year, comprehensive private insurance premium, healthy 35-year-old8209.18609.0
What this measures
Median of at least three publicly quoted annual premiums for comprehensive private medical insurance (outpatient + inpatient, ~$100k coverage, small deductible) for a healthy 35-year-old resident foreigner, from local and international insurers. Method field lists the insurers quoted.
Bulgaria
Curated market survey of Bulgarian voluntary health insurers (2026)
Curated by SettleMetric
- Data as of
- Jan 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Method
- Bulgaria has mandatory public health insurance (НЗОК) with no full private-replacement market, so this is the VOLUNTARY supplementary premium: a comprehensive mid-tier plan (outpatient GP+specialist, labs, imaging, hospitalisation) ~€60/month = €720/yr → $821/yr at 1.1399. Range €30–60/mo (basic) to €60–120/mo (premium with dental/vision).
- Notes
- Supplementary to mandatory public НЗОК, not a replacement (like Austria's Sonderklasse). Main voluntary insurers: DZI, Bulstrad VIG, Generali, Allianz Bulgaria, DallBogg, UNIQA. Indicative premiums, vary with coverage caps and deductibles.
Türkiye
Curated by SettleMetric
- Data as of
- Jul 15, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Method
- Comprehensive standalone private health insurance (outpatient + inpatient private-hospital cover) for a healthy 35-year-old runs ~25,000–100,000 TRY/yr depending on the contracted hospital network; a mid-tier plan sits near ~40,000 TRY/yr ≈ $860 at 46.65 TRY/USD. Band ≈ $540–$2,140.
- Notes
- Two-tier context: residents with a work/residence basis are covered by mandatory public insurance (SGK); on top, Turks commonly buy complementary insurance (~5,000–20,000 TRY/yr) working with SGK at private hospitals, or full standalone private cover (this figure). The cheap mandatory foreigner residence-permit policy (~$32–130/yr) is minimal cover, not comparable. Private cover is cheap in USD because of the weak lira; TRY premiums rise 50–80%/yr, so this is a volatile curated midpoint.
Money & crypto
Crypto regulationLegal regulated8.0Legal regulated8.0
What this measures
Own classification of the legal status of holding, trading and cashing out cryptocurrency for individuals: legal-friendly (legal with clear, favourable rules or explicit tax exemptions), legal-regulated (legal under standard licensing/AML and taxation), restricted (partial bans: payments or banking access prohibited), banned (holding/trading prohibited). Classified from national regulators' and central banks' official positions.
Bulgaria
Official source
- Data as of
- Jul 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Notes
- Crypto is legal. Individual gains from crypto disposals are taxed as investment income at the 10% flat rate (a 10% deemed-cost deduction makes the effective rate ~9%), declared on Annex 5 of the annual return. MiCA is fully in force EU-wide; crypto-asset service providers must be licensed by the Financial Supervision Commission (FSC), transitional-regime deadline 1 July 2026. Supervisor FSC (fsc.bg); tax authority НАП (nap.bg).
Türkiye
Official source
- Data as of
- Jul 2, 2024
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Notes
- Trading, holding and exchanging crypto are legal and very popular, but PAYING with crypto is BANNED (CBRT regulation in force 30 April 2021). Law No. 7518 (in force from 2 July 2024) put crypto-asset service providers under the Capital Markets Board (SPK): mandatory licensing, custody duties and minimum capital; offshore platforms targeting residents and crypto ATMs had to wind down. Classified 'legal-regulated' — trading legal and now formally supervised, payments prohibited.
Financial control levelLow10.0Moderate7.0
What this measures
Own composite of state control over personal money flows: currency/capital controls (IMF AREAER), restrictions on foreign accounts and transfers, mandatory income declaration scope for residents, cash payment limits, banking access for foreigners. Low = free movement of personal funds and easy non-resident banking; very-high = strict capital controls and pervasive reporting. Method field on each value lists the inputs used.
Bulgaria
Official source
- Data as of
- Jan 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Method
- Composite: Bulgaria adopted the euro on 1 Jan 2026 (fixed 1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN); EU member with full free movement of capital, no capital controls or currency-conversion limits. The only notable restriction is a domestic cash-payment ceiling (Law on Limitation of Cash Payments): payments at/above ~€5,113 (BGN 10,000) must be non-cash — a routine AML measure. The EU-wide €10,000 cash cap applies from 2027. No limits on holding foreign currency or cross-border transfers → 'low'.
Türkiye
Revenue Administration (GİB) — cash-payment documentation (tevsik) limit; CBRT crypto-payment ban
Official source
- Data as of
- Jan 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Method
- Composite: the lira is freely convertible and residents may hold foreign-currency deposits/accounts and move money abroad — no hard individual capital controls. But the state exerts more control than EU peers: payments above 30,000 TRY (~$640) must be routed through banks/cards (tevsik rule); crypto payments are banned; the authorities intervene actively in the FX market and use reserve/macroprudential measures; and import de-minimis is low with high duties. Freely convertible but with a low cash-through-bank threshold and several controls → 'moderate' (stricter end).
- Notes
- High inflation erodes money in practice but is not a legal control. Day-to-day banking, FX purchase and transfers are unrestricted for an individual; the frictions are the low cash-routing threshold, the crypto-payment ban and occasional FX intervention.
Infrastructure
Domestic delivery qualityExcellent10.0Good7.0
What this measures
Quality of in-country parcel delivery. excellent = nationwide next-day widely available, dense parcel-locker network, real-time tracking standard; good = 1–3 day delivery, lockers in major cities; basic = reliable but slow (3–7 days), mostly to-door or post-office pickup; poor = unreliable delivery, street addresses often unusable, informal workarounds common. Classified from official service/coverage data of the national postal operator and the two largest private carriers; inputs itemized in each value's method field.
Bulgaria
Econt and Speedy — Bulgaria's dominant courier networks
Curated by SettleMetric
- Data as of
- Jul 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Method
- Econt and Speedy form a dense duopoly with nationwide office + automated-locker networks and next-day domestic delivery; cash-on-delivery ('наложен платеж') is the default e-commerce payment method. Fast, cheap, reliable → excellent.
Türkiye
Turkish carrier ecosystem — PTT + Yurtiçi/Aras/MNG/Sürat/Sendeo/HepsiJET/Trendyol Express
Curated by SettleMetric
- Data as of
- Jul 15, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Method
- Dense, competitive domestic courier market on the back of a huge e-commerce sector (Trendyol, Hepsiburada): PTT Kargo plus Yurtiçi, Aras, MNG, Sürat, Sendeo, HepsiJET and Trendyol Express give nationwide next-day/2-day coverage; same/next-day is normal in the big metros. Cash-on-delivery ('kapıda ödeme') is ubiquitous. Parcel-locker density is growing but below the locker-saturated benchmark, so rated 'good' rather than 'excellent'.
International delivery easeMinor friction7.0Significant friction4.0
What this measures
Ease of receiving goods from abroad. seamless = major international carriers deliver door-to-door, meaningful duty-free de-minimis threshold, customs clearance predictable in days; minor-friction = carriers present but low de-minimis, extra paperwork or routine delays; significant-friction = frequent customs holds, high brokerage fees, some marketplaces refuse to ship; unreliable = parcels regularly lost or blocked, informal import channels dominate. De-minimis thresholds and clearance rules from the national customs authority (official source, cite the regulation); carrier presence from carriers' official pages.
Bulgaria
European Commission — removal of the €150 duty-free import threshold (EU-wide, from 1 July 2026)
Official source
- Data as of
- Jul 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Notes
- Intra-EU shipping is frictionless (single market/customs union). From 1 July 2026 the EU removes the €150 duty-free threshold for non-EU imports (a transitional flat per-item customs duty applies; VAT already collected since 2021). Minor friction on non-EU inbound parcels — the same EU regime as other member states.
Türkiye
Official source
- Data as of
- Jan 1, 2026
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Notes
- Cross-border inbound shipping faces heavy friction. The duty-free de-minimis was cut from €150 to €30 (in force 21 Aug 2024) and effectively ~€27 with shipping (Dec 2024); parcels are hit with a single flat customs charge of 30% of value for EU-origin goods and 60% for non-EU (plus special consumption tax where relevant). Non-EU customs clearance plus these high duties make ordering from abroad slow and expensive → 'significant-friction'. Domestic and outbound are unaffected.
Internet speedMbps, median fixed download42.84.112.10.3
What this measures
Median fixed-broadband download speed over the trailing 6 months from M-Lab NDT open data (CC0), aggregated at country or city level. Not comparable with Ookla figures (different test methodology) — do not mix sources within this criterion.
Bulgaria
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Bulgaria
Open data
- Data as of
- Dec 31, 2023
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Method
- Median of the 343 daily country-median download values for BG in 2023 = 42.85 Mbps (139,790 download tests). M-Lab NDT is single-stream and understates real line speeds — Bulgaria has very fast, cheap fibre (commonly 100–1000 Mbps advertised) — comparable only within this criterion. 2023 is the latest full year in M-Lab's public stats API.
- Notes
- Bulgaria is known for fast, inexpensive fixed broadband; the M-Lab single-stream median is used only for cross-country comparability on one consistent method.
Türkiye
M-Lab NDT country aggregates for Türkiye (Asia grouping)
Open data
- Data as of
- Dec 31, 2023
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Method
- Median of the 343 daily country-median download values for TR in 2023 = 12.09 Mbps (402,083 download tests; Türkiye is filed under M-Lab's Asia (AS) continent grouping, not EU). M-Lab NDT is single-stream and reads well below marketed figures — Turkish fibre commonly markets 100–1000 Mbps — comparable only within this criterion. 2023 is the latest full year in M-Lab's public stats API.
- Notes
- The single-stream M-Lab median is low (and the lowest in the set) but reflects a consistent cross-country method, not real fibre-line speeds; Turkish fixed broadband is much faster in practice.
Language
English proficiencyHigh7.0Low2.0
What this measures
Own banding of how far English gets a resident in daily life (government offices, healthcare, housing, services). Informed by EF EPI band (research source, cited with attribution, not republished) plus official language status and service-sector realities. Values are our bands, not EF scores.
Bulgaria
EF EPI 2025 — Bulgaria (score 594, rank 18/123, High band)
Research
- Data as of
- Nov 1, 2025
- Verified
- Jul 14, 2026
- Notes
- Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): Bulgaria ranks #18 of 123, score 594 (global average 488), 'High Proficiency' band. English is broadly workable in Sofia's tech and service sectors and among younger Bulgarians; Bulgarian (Cyrillic) remains essential for administration and daily life outside the capital.
Türkiye
EF EPI 2025 — Türkiye (rank 71/123, score 488, Low band)
Research
- Data as of
- Nov 1, 2025
- Verified
- Jul 15, 2026
- Notes
- Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): Türkiye rank 71/123, score 488 (Low band, cutoff 450–499), a 9-point decline from the prior edition. English is workable in Istanbul/tourism and parts of the tech sector but thin in public offices and smaller cities; Turkish is the sole official language. The lowest English band in the set.
Deep dives: taxes in Bulgaria ·taxes in Türkiye ·net-income calculator