Living in Birmingham.

SettleMetric tax engine over the 2026/27 UK rules (HMRC Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances; self-employed National Insurance rates) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Apr 6, 2026

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Scheme gb-sole-trader at €60,000 revenue with 10% expenses, converted at the 2026-08-13 ECB reference rate (1 EUR = 0.8549 GBP) to £51,294 of revenue and £46,164.60 of profit. Income Tax on profit above the £12,570 Personal Allowance: £33,594.60 entirely within the 20% basic-rate band = £6,718.92. Class 4 National Insurance on the same £33,594.60 at 6% = £2,015.68. Class 2 is voluntary from 2024-25 and costs nothing at this profit. Total £8,734.60 of £51,294 = 17.03%. The limited-company route was computed on the same profile and came out worse at 19.6%, and the Scottish sole trader at 19.3%, so the plain English/Welsh/Northern Irish sole trader is the most favourable eligible scheme.

Notes

Unusually LOW for a high-income European country, and the reason is National Insurance rather than income tax: a self-employed person pays 6% on profit in the basic-rate band and 2% above it, with no employer-side charge and no separate health contribution because the NHS is funded from general taxation. An employee on the same money pays 8% plus 15% from the employer. The figure rises steeply above £50,270, where the 40% higher rate starts, and there is a 60% marginal band between £100,000 and £125,140 where the Personal Allowance is withdrawn.

GOV.UK — English language requirements for visas and settlement ↗

Official source

Data as of

Sep 20, 2026

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Notes

English is the national language and the language of government, courts, healthcare and business throughout the United Kingdom. Welsh has equal official standing in Wales and Scottish Gaelic and Irish have recognised status, but no part of the UK requires anything other than English of a resident. The direction of the requirement runs the other way here: most work and settlement visas require the APPLICANT to prove English at B1 or higher.

Ofcom — Securing the future of the universal postal service (2025 review of the universal postal service and other postal regulation) ↗

Official source

Data as of

Jul 22, 2025

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Inputs: Royal Mail must deliver to every UK address at a uniform price. First Class letters keep a six-day-a-week next-working-day service, but Ofcom cut the headline target from 93% to 90% delivered next day in its 2025 reform, with 99% within three working days. Second Class was cut from six days a week to alternate weekdays, delivered within three working days at a 95% target and 99% within five. Ofcom opened an investigation into Royal Mail’s 2025/26 delivery performance. Next-day delivery therefore exists nationwide, which is the "excellent" test, but half the letter service is now a 1–3 day product and the regulator has both lowered the bar and is investigating failure to clear it — which is the "good" band.

Notes

This grades the regulated postal service, which is what has an official source. The UK parcel market is much faster than the letter service and is where most people’s experience comes from, but its carrier and parcel-locker networks could not be verified here — see the delivery-methods row.

M-Lab NDT country aggregates for the United Kingdom ↗

Open data

Data as of

Dec 31, 2023

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Median of the 2023 daily country medians over 344 days and 32,367,951 tests. Monthly medians ran 46.9–50.3 Mbps with no seasonal pattern. 2023 is the last complete year M-Lab publishes for the UK — the 2024 file stops on 26 March — and it is the year the other countries in this dataset are measured on.

Notes

M-Lab measures what a browser-based test achieves end to end, which reads well below the line speeds advertised by UK ISPs and below Ofcom’s own connection-based figures. It is used across this dataset because it is the only free, licence-clean source measured the same way everywhere, so compare it with other countries here rather than with a national regulator’s number.

ONS — Family spending in the UK, financial year ending 2025: workbook 2 table A23 (expenditure by household composition) and workbook 5 table 2.7 (housing expenditure by household composition) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Mar 31, 2025

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Built from the Living Costs and Food Survey column for NON-RETIRED ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLDS (4.95 million of them), the closest published match to this criterion’s single-person profile. Total expenditure across COICOP divisions 1–12 is £378.90 a week. Removed: net rent £66.60 and maintenance and repair of the dwelling £10.10, both from workbook 5 table 2.7 for the same household type, since rent is excluded by definition and repairs fall on the landlord for a renter. Water, energy and service charges stay in. Health and education are also removed because the ONS does not publish them separately for this household type (they account for £13.00 a week of the total), so the basket sums exactly to its published parts. Remainder £289.20 a week x 52/12 = £1,253.20 a month, at the 2026-08-13 ECB cross-rate of 1 GBP = 1.349164 USD = $1691.

Notes

Measured spending by people who actually live alone in the UK, not a priced shopping list, so it reflects British habits: transport is the single largest line at $317 a month, ahead of food. Excludes health and education, which understates by about 4%. It is a UK average — London runs well above it and the north of England below.

UNODC — Intentional homicide victims (CTS data), United Kingdom (England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland), 2024 ↗

Open data

Data as of

Dec 31, 2024

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

UNODC records the UK as three separate jurisdictions, so the national rate is built from all three: England and Wales 522 victims, Scotland 45, Northern Ireland 19 = 586, against the ONS mid-2024 UK population of 69,281,400 = 0.846 per 100,000. Read from the UNODC bulk file dated 12 July 2026. One timing detail: UNODC’s "2024" for England and Wales is the year ending March 2025, which is the 522 figure ONS itself published as the lowest number since the year to March 2015 and the lowest rate since 1977.

Notes

Among the lowest in the dataset and about a sixth of the United States rate. Knife crime, not firearms, drives the English and Welsh figure. The three jurisdictions are close to each other: 0.93, 1.04 and 0.52 per 100,000 respectively on UNODC’s own 2023 rates.

Defra — Air quality statistics (ENV02), table 2.1b: annual mean PM2.5 at UK urban background monitoring stations, 2025 ↗

Official source

Data as of

Dec 31, 2025

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Mean of the 2 Defra urban background stations in this city that met a 90% annual data-capture threshold in 2025: Birmingham Hall Green (7.79 µg/m³, 100% data capture); Birmingham Ladywood (8.10 µg/m³, 95% data capture). Roadside and kerbside stations (table 2.1a) are excluded, so this is background exposure rather than a network mean including traffic sites. Preceding years on the same station set: 2021 7.38, 2022 7.65, 2023 6.81, 2024 6.76.

Notes

Five qualifying urban background stations spread across the city, from Bloomsbury in the centre to Teddington in the south-west, which makes this the best-supported PM2.5 figure of the five UK cities.

International Baccalaureate — Find an IB World School ↗

Official source

Data as of

Sep 20, 2026

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Notes

Not counted. The IB’s school finder answers HTTP 403 to our requests (checked again 2026-09-20) and the Council of International Schools publishes no readable member directory, so neither accreditor could be queried for this city. Guessing from aggregator sites is not an option, and the United Kingdom has no national register of "international" schools — the Department for Education’s Get Information About Schools records establishment type, not curriculum. The honest answer is that we do not know the number.

NHS — How to access NHS services in England if you are visiting from abroad ↗

Official source

Data as of

Sep 20, 2026

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Notes

Not priced. No UK private medical insurer publishes a rate table: Bupa, AXA Health, Aviva and Vitality all quote only through a form that requires personal details, so there is no public figure to take a median of and we do not fill in quote engines. The criterion also fits the UK badly. Healthcare here is not bought — anyone ordinarily resident uses the NHS free at the point of use, and a migrant on a visa of more than six months pays the Immigration Health Surcharge instead, £1,035 a year on most work routes and £776 a year on the Youth Mobility and student routes, which buys full NHS access. Private cover in the UK is a top-up bought mainly for faster elective treatment, not a substitute, so a premium would not be comparable with the figures other countries in this dataset carry.

Financial Conduct Authority — Cryptoassets ↗

Official source

Data as of

Sep 20, 2026

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Holding, buying and selling cryptoassets is lawful for individuals and there is no restriction on it. Businesses carrying on cryptoasset activity have had to register with the FCA under the Money Laundering Regulations since 10 January 2020, and since 8 October 2023 any firm marketing cryptoassets to UK consumers falls under the FCA financial-promotions regime regardless of where the firm is based. Gains are taxed: HMRC treats cryptoassets as property for Capital Gains Tax, and trading as taxable income.

Notes

Not crypto-friendly in the tax sense — there is no exemption of the kind Portugal or Germany offer on long-held holdings. Two consumer restrictions are worth knowing: the FCA has banned the sale of crypto derivatives and exchange-traded notes to retail consumers, and cryptoassets are not covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme, so an exchange failure is not underwritten.

GOV.UK — Take cash in and out of the UK ↗

Official source

Data as of

Sep 20, 2026

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Inputs weighed: no exchange or capital controls on moving personal funds into or out of the country, and no limit on the size of a bank transfer; sterling floats freely; non-residents may open UK bank accounts subject to the banks’ own identity checks rather than a legal bar; and the only cross-border reporting duty on an individual is a declaration of cash of £10,000 or more carried in or out of Great Britain, with a penalty of up to £5,000 and seizure for failing to declare. Residents are taxed on worldwide income and must report it through Self Assessment, which is ordinary for a developed economy rather than a control on money.

Notes

Opening a first UK bank account without a UK address or credit history is the practical friction, not the law — it is a bank compliance problem, and it is why many new arrivals start with an e-money account.

SettleMetric tax engine over the 2026/27 UK rules (HMRC Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances; self-employed National Insurance rates) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Apr 6, 2026

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Scheme gb-sole-trader at €60,000 revenue with 10% expenses, converted at the 2026-08-13 ECB reference rate (1 EUR = 0.8549 GBP) to £51,294 of revenue and £46,164.60 of profit. Income Tax on profit above the £12,570 Personal Allowance: £33,594.60 entirely within the 20% basic-rate band = £6,718.92. Class 4 National Insurance on the same £33,594.60 at 6% = £2,015.68. Class 2 is voluntary from 2024-25 and costs nothing at this profit. Total £8,734.60 of £51,294 = 17.03%. The limited-company route was computed on the same profile and came out worse at 19.6%, and the Scottish sole trader at 19.3%, so the plain English/Welsh/Northern Irish sole trader is the most favourable eligible scheme.

Notes

Unusually LOW for a high-income European country, and the reason is National Insurance rather than income tax: a self-employed person pays 6% on profit in the basic-rate band and 2% above it, with no employer-side charge and no separate health contribution because the NHS is funded from general taxation. An employee on the same money pays 8% plus 15% from the employer. The figure rises steeply above £50,270, where the 40% higher rate starts, and there is a 60% marginal band between £100,000 and £125,140 where the Personal Allowance is withdrawn.

UNODC — Intentional homicide victims (CTS data), United Kingdom (England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland), 2024 ↗

Open data

Data as of

Dec 31, 2024

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

UNODC records the UK as three separate jurisdictions, so the national rate is built from all three: England and Wales 522 victims, Scotland 45, Northern Ireland 19 = 586, against the ONS mid-2024 UK population of 69,281,400 = 0.846 per 100,000. Read from the UNODC bulk file dated 12 July 2026. One timing detail: UNODC’s "2024" for England and Wales is the year ending March 2025, which is the 522 figure ONS itself published as the lowest number since the year to March 2015 and the lowest rate since 1977.

Notes

Among the lowest in the dataset and about a sixth of the United States rate. Knife crime, not firearms, drives the English and Welsh figure. The three jurisdictions are close to each other: 0.93, 1.04 and 0.52 per 100,000 respectively on UNODC’s own 2023 rates.

Defra — Air quality statistics (ENV02), table 2.1b: annual mean PM2.5 at UK urban background monitoring stations, 2025 ↗

Official source

Data as of

Dec 31, 2025

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Mean of the 2 Defra urban background stations in this city that met a 90% annual data-capture threshold in 2025: Birmingham Hall Green (7.79 µg/m³, 100% data capture); Birmingham Ladywood (8.10 µg/m³, 95% data capture). Roadside and kerbside stations (table 2.1a) are excluded, so this is background exposure rather than a network mean including traffic sites. Preceding years on the same station set: 2021 7.38, 2022 7.65, 2023 6.81, 2024 6.76.

Notes

Five qualifying urban background stations spread across the city, from Bloomsbury in the centre to Teddington in the south-west, which makes this the best-supported PM2.5 figure of the five UK cities.

SettleMetric computation over climate-normals (Met Office 1991–2020, Winterbourne, University Of Birmingham) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Dec 31, 2020

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Months with a mean daily maximum of 15–28 °C and under 150 mm of rain, counted from this city’s climate-normals row. Every month of every one of the five UK cities passes the rainfall test, so in Britain this criterion is purely a temperature count. Qualifying: May (16.5), Jun (19.3), Jul (21.5), Aug (21.0), Sep (18.1). Excluded for cold: Jan (7.1), Feb (7.7), Mar (10.3), Apr (13.4), Oct (13.9), Nov (9.9), Dec (7.3).

ONS — Family spending in the UK, financial year ending 2025: workbook 2 table A23 (expenditure by household composition) and workbook 5 table 2.7 (housing expenditure by household composition) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Mar 31, 2025

Verified

Sep 20, 2026

Method

Built from the Living Costs and Food Survey column for NON-RETIRED ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLDS (4.95 million of them), the closest published match to this criterion’s single-person profile. Total expenditure across COICOP divisions 1–12 is £378.90 a week. Removed: net rent £66.60 and maintenance and repair of the dwelling £10.10, both from workbook 5 table 2.7 for the same household type, since rent is excluded by definition and repairs fall on the landlord for a renter. Water, energy and service charges stay in. Health and education are also removed because the ONS does not publish them separately for this household type (they account for £13.00 a week of the total), so the basket sums exactly to its published parts. Remainder £289.20 a week x 52/12 = £1,253.20 a month, at the 2026-08-13 ECB cross-rate of 1 GBP = 1.349164 USD = $1691.

Notes

Measured spending by people who actually live alone in the UK, not a priced shopping list, so it reflects British habits: transport is the single largest line at $317 a month, ahead of food. Excludes health and education, which understates by about 4%. It is a UK average — London runs well above it and the north of England below.