Living in Rotterdam.

SettleMetric tax engine over official 2026 rules (Belastingdienst — box 1 rates, heffingskortingen, zelfstandigenaftrek, mkb-winstvrijstelling, Zvw contribution; Wet IB 2001; Staatscourant 2025, 40022 for the health premium) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Jan 1, 2026

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

Best eligible scheme = nl-eenmanszaak (eenmanszaak, box 1) at €60,000 revenue with 10% deductible expenses (net profit €54,000), steady state, hours criterion met. Zelfstandigenaftrek €1,200 → €52,800; MKB-winstvrijstelling 12.7% × 52,800 = €6,705.60 → taxable income (= verzamelinkomen) €46,094.40. Box 1 before credits: 35.75% × €38,883 = €13,900.67 + 37.56% × €7,211.40 = €2,708.60 → €16,609.27 (35.75% = 8.10% income tax + 27.65% premies volksverzekeringen AOW/Anw/Wlz). Algemene heffingskorting 3,115 − 6.398% × (46,094.40 − 29,736) = €2,068.39; arbeidskorting on arbeidsinkomen €54,000 (profit before both deductions) 5,685 − 6.51% × (54,000 − 45,592) = €5,137.64; income tax and premies after credits €9,403.25. Zvw contribution 4.85% × €46,094.40 = €2,235.58. Compulsory health insurance at the 2026 average nominal premium 12 × €157 = €1,884. Levies €13,522.82 of €60,000 = 22.54%. The company route (nl-bv-dga) is not cheaper at this size: the director's salary is the whole €54,000 profit (below the €58,000 gebruikelijk loon), taxed in box 1 without ondernemersaftrek or MKB-winstvrijstelling, so levies are €17,381.39 (29.0%).

Notes

The figure is a steady state for a resident below AOW age: single, no children, no other income. Three things drive it: (1) the two non-refundable tax credits remove €7,206 of the €16,609 box-1 tax; (2) profit passes through the Zvw contribution (4.85%, €2,236) in addition to tax and premies; (3) the compulsory health premium is a flat €1,884, 3.1 points of the 22.5%. Variants at the same profile: in the first (up to three) years as an entrepreneur the startersaftrek of €2,123 lowers levies to €12,618.23 (21.0%) (nl-eenmanszaak-starter, not used here because it is time-limited and depends on the person's entrepreneur history); an owner who does not meet the 1,225-hour criterion pays €14,034.14 (23.4%); the BV with the owner as DGA pays €17,381.39 (29.0%) and, if the Belastingdienst insisted on the full €58,000 gebruikelijk loon, €19,594.11 (32.7%) (the BV only starts to win from a profit of about €95,000, before its running costs). The 30%-ruling scheme (nl-30-percent-ruling) is for employees recruited from abroad and is not open to a freelancer; an employee on a €60,000 wage with the ruling pays €11,740.87 (19.6%). The figure excludes the mandatory eigen risico (€385 on care used), the zorgtoeslag (an income-dependent allowance, which can offset part of the premium at low incomes), municipal taxes and VAT (a pass-through; the KOR exempts turnover up to €20,000 only). The self-employed pay no unemployment, disability or sickness premium and have no compulsory pension, so the figure buys less social cover than an employee's. From 2027 the zelfstandigenaftrek is scheduled to fall to €900 (wetten.overheid.nl, version of 2027-01-01).

EF English Proficiency Index 2025 — Netherlands (rank 1/123, score 624, Very High band) ↗

Research

Data as of

Nov 1, 2025

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Notes

Own band informed by EF EPI 2025 (attribution: EF Education First): the Netherlands ranks 1st of 123 countries and regions with 624 points, well inside EF's Very High band (600 and above) and 12 points below its 2024 score; the global average is 488. By skill: reading 634, listening 628, writing 554, speaking 514. Amsterdam scores 630, Utrecht 638, The Hague and Rotterdam 621 each. Eurostat's Adult Education Survey 2022 (self-reported, not English-specific; dataset edat_aes_l21, ages 25-64) shows 92.9% of adults know at least one foreign language and 40.2% know three or more, while 7.0% know none. Banded 'very-high', like Austria (616) and Portugal (612), although Dutch is the language of public administration: the General Administrative Law Act (Awb, art. 2:6) says administrative bodies use Dutch unless a statute provides otherwise, and allows another language where that is more efficient and does not disproportionately harm third parties, so official communication is in Dutch by default.

PostNL Annual Report 2025 (national postal operator) with DHL eCommerce, DPD, GLS and Budbee official network and delivery-time pages (composite) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Oct 21, 2026

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

Classified from the carriers' own pages and PostNL's annual report, read on 2026-10-21. PostNL, the national postal operator: 1.2 million parcels delivered per working day in 2025; its delivery-quality indicator for parcels in the Netherlands was 97% in 2025 and in 2024 (normalised for regular weeks, excluding peak weeks), measured against a time frame of one working day from the first sorting scan unless other arrangements are made; 1,400 automated parcel lockers at the end of 2025 (1,083 a year earlier; its own March 2026 post says 'more than 1,500', and it plans about 7,500 by 2031), 5,700 PostNL points (retail pick-up and drop-off points, newsroom boilerplate of 3 August 2026) and 10.0 million active PostNL accounts, with tracking in the PostNL app. DHL eCommerce: delivers parcels in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg on the next working day, including Saturdays in the Netherlands, evening delivery Monday to Saturday between 18:00 and 22:00, same-day delivery for parcels at the sorting centre before 13:30, a day chosen up to two weeks ahead, and more than 5,000 DHL ServicePoints including lockers, most open 24/7. DPD Netherlands: parcels delivered Monday to Saturday, with the recipient told the arrival time to within one hour on the day, and more than 1,500 parcel points. GLS Netherlands: delivery within 24 hours on working days (Saturday depending on the sender), over 2,200 GLS Points and, through PostNL's lockers opened to it, about 1,100 to 1,300 parcel lockers. Budbee delivers to lockers only; a Marktplaats press release of 22 July 2026 says that 90% of the population outside the Wadden Islands lives within 5 km of one of its lockers. Nationwide next-working-day delivery is the published standard at the national operator and DHL, tracking is standard and several locker and pick-up networks run side by side → 'excellent'.

Notes

Two caveats. PostNL says in its 2025 annual report that it is moving from 'next day' to 'best day' delivery, so a cheaper, later delivery day chosen by the sender and recipient is becoming common, and GLS and DPD do not promise next-day delivery on the pages read. The locker networks are smaller per head of population than in the Baltic states (about 1,400 PostNL lockers for the whole country, shared with GLS), with the pick-up points of DHL, DPD and PostNL filling the gap. PostNL's own website (postnl.nl) did not answer from the machine used, so its parcel delivery days were not read there.

M-Lab NDT country aggregates for the Netherlands ↗

Open data

Data as of

Dec 31, 2023

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

Median of the 343 daily country-median download values for NL in 2023 (2,635,642 download tests; daily medians ranged 50.4-91.9 Mbps). 2023 is the year used across the dataset.

Notes

M-Lab NDT is a single-stream test and reads well below advertised fibre speeds; it is comparable only within this criterion. Monthly medians of the daily values ran from 74.1 Mbps (April) to 87.9 Mbps (October).

Statistics Netherlands (CBS) — Budgetonderzoek (Household Budget Survey) 2020: average spending of one-person households (StatLine 85419NED) and its structure by spending category (StatLine 85420NED) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Dec 31, 2025

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

One-person households spent €23,600 a year in Statistics Netherlands' 2020 Household Budget Survey (Budgetonderzoek; StatLine 85419NED, 'all spending' for 'Type: Eenpersoonshuishouden', rounded by CBS to €100), i.e. €1,966.67 a month. The 2020 wave is the newest published (the next survey is planned for 2026, with results expected at the end of 2027), so the amount is lifted to 2025 prices with the Dutch HICP from the 2020 to the 2025 annual average (106.96 → 135.86, ×1.2702; Eurostat prc_hicp_aind, all items, 2015=100): €2,498.05 a month. Rent is removed: in StatLine 85420NED actual rentals are 18.3% and the imputed rent of owner-occupiers 13.2% of one-person households' spending in 2020, which leaves 68.5%: €1,711.16 × 1.1215 USD/EUR (ECB, 2026-10-20) = $1,919. The 16 remaining lines (CBS spending categories, with housing split into energy, water and services, and maintenance) are summed in cost-breakdown.

Notes

2020 was the pandemic year: restaurants and hotels fell from 5.4% of one-person households' spending in 2015 to 3.7%, and package holidays from 1.2% to 0.3%, and the price uplift does not correct that pattern, so the figure is more likely low than high. One-person households include pensioners; for singles below pension age CBS shows €24,300 a year for men and €22,500 for women (2020, all spending), which at the same shares and uplift would be about $1,976 and $1,830 a month. CBS counts consumption taxes (motor vehicle tax, water-board levy: 1.2%) and charitable giving (0.4%) as spending and both are kept. CBS has no line for the compulsory basic health insurance premium: its only insurance line for illness is supplementary cover, 0.5% of spending, so the premium is not in this figure. The Rijksoverheid's page on health-insurance costs gives the average premium people pay their insurer in 2026 as €1,884 a year (about $176 a month at 1.1215) and the compulsory annual deductible as €385. A uniform HICP uplift is crude: applying the Dutch HICP of each spending category instead (food ×1.31, housing ×1.36, alcohol and tobacco ×1.50, communication ×0.91) gives $1,900, 1% lower. Eurostat's HBS 2020 for the Netherlands (hbs_exp_t134: PPS 22,033 a year for one adult) is the same CBS survey, but its structure (hbs_str_t224) puts miscellaneous goods and services at 147 per mille against 6.6% in CBS's table, which points to a health-insurance premium in Eurostat's transmission that CBS's table leaves out; the Malta route (PPS to euro at the survey's own ratio) would therefore mix two scopes and was not used. CBS's euro figures need no conversion.

Statistics Netherlands (CBS) — Moord en doodslag 2025, table 7: victims of murder or manslaughter by municipality, 2021–2025* ↗

Official source

Data as of

Dec 31, 2025

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

CBS custom tables 'Moord en doodslag 2025' (published 27 August 2026; workbook moord-en-doodslag-2025.xlsx, sheet Tabel 7, read 2026-10-21): 65 victims of murder or manslaughter (moord en doodslag, deaths certified as ICD-10 X85–Y09; attempts are not counted) in the municipality of Rotterdam over 2021–2025 (51 men, 14 women; 2025 provisional), which CBS publishes as 1.96 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Reproduced from CBS 03759NED: 65 / 5 years = 13.0 a year over the mean of the five 1 January populations 2021–2025 (662,914) = 1.961 per 100,000. A five-year average because yearly counts for one city are small.

Notes

Victims are counted by where the offence happened, residents and non-residents alike (non-residents were 15.5% of all victims in 2025), by date of death. CBS's rate for the whole country over the same five years is 0.69 per 100,000, so Rotterdam reads about 2.8 times the national level. The 2025 numbers are provisional; CBS publishes definitive 2025 figures in the first quarter of 2027. CBS's earlier release (news item of September 2025, table for the three largest municipalities) listed Rotterdam at 15 in 2021, 17 in 2022, 13 in 2023, 11 in 2024 (2024 was provisional there), so the annual count runs in single or low double digits. The police category 'Levensmisdrijf' (Criminal Code arts. 287–296) records 40 to 345 offences a year across these four cities in 2015–2025, many times the victim counts, and does not separate completed offences from attempts, so it is not used here.

European Environment Agency — Air Quality Statistics (E1a validated), stations NL00485 "Hoogvliet-Leemkuil", NL00488 "Rotterdam Zuid-Zwartewaalstraat" and NL00418 "Rotterdam-Schiedamsevest" ↗

Open data

Data as of

Dec 31, 2025

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

Validated (E1a, verification flag 1) 2025 annual means of the 3 urban-background stations in the municipality of Rotterdam: NL00485 Hoogvliet-Leemkuil 9.483 µg/m³ at 99.87% coverage; NL00488 Rotterdam Zuid-Zwartewaalstraat 9.466 µg/m³ at 99.91% coverage; NL00418 Rotterdam-Schiedamsevest 10.164 µg/m³ at 97.75% coverage. Mean: (9.483 + 9.466 + 10.164) / 3 = 9.70. Queried from the EEA statistics service on 2026-10-21 (calculated 2026-10-17); stations placed in the municipality by reverse-geocoding their coordinates on PDOK's Locatieserver. Urban and suburban background stations are what the EEA itself averages for its city figures (traffic and industrial stations are left out). Same stations in 2024: 8.312 µg/m³ (Hoogvliet-Leemkuil 8.544 at 97.95%; Rotterdam Zuid-Zwartewaalstraat 8.628 at 99.94%; Rotterdam-Schiedamsevest 7.764 at 95.89%).

Notes

Other stations in the municipality (2025): NL00496 Hoek v. Holland-Berghaven 10.121 µg/m³ at 99.67% coverage (industrial, urban); NL01497 Maasvlakte 8.922 µg/m³ at 99.92% coverage (background, rural); NL00493 Rotterdam Noord-Statenweg 9.442 µg/m³ at 99.89% coverage (traffic, urban); NL00487 Rotterdam Zuid-Pleinweg 10.387 µg/m³ at 99.94% coverage (traffic, urban); NL00491 Rotterdam-Oost Sidelinge A13 10.027 µg/m³ at 99.90% coverage (traffic, urban); the mean of all 8 stations, background and other, is 9.75 µg/m³. Two of the eight stations are in the port area, over 20 km west of the centre point (Hoek v. Holland-Berghaven, Maasvlakte); neither is in the urban-background mean. 2025 was a worse year than 2024 for fine particulate matter across the country: RIVM's large-scale concentration maps put the Dutch mean PM2.5 at 8.1 µg/m³ in 2025 against 7.4 in 2024 (+10%) and its measurements rose 9%, which it attributes to weather (RIVM report 2026-0026, Grootschalige concentratiekaarten Nederland, Rapportage 2026). WHO's Ambient Air Quality Database v8.0 (2026) holds no recent PM2.5 row for the city. Above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³, under the EU limit of 10 µg/m³ that applies from 2030 and the current limit of 25.

Dutch International Schools (DIS) official school list, with the IB, COBIS, AEFE, ZfA and Accredited European Schools registries ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Oct 21, 2026

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

Counted by municipality, one count per school: a school with several campuses counts once, in the municipality of its headquarters or first listed site. Registries read on 2026-10-21: the DIS list of state-funded Dutch International Schools (dutchinternationalschools.nl/schools, its embedded map data); the COBIS member file (cobis.org.uk/uploaded/cobis-school-search-map-2025.tsv, last modified 2026-09-30); the AEFE directory (aefe.gouv.fr/fr/etablissements); the ZfA register of German schools abroad (auslandsschulwesen.de, map and Auslandsschulverzeichnis PDF); the Accredited European Schools list (eursc.eu/en/accredited-european-schools/locations). ibo.org answers our requests with a Cloudflare challenge, so IB profiles were read on Internet Archive captures, dated per school. Rotterdam municipality = 3 schools. (1) Rotterdam International Secondary School (RISS): on the DIS list with two campuses (Bentincklaan 294 and Schimmelpenninckstraat 23), counted once; an IB World School, state school, code 000627, school since 23 July 1991 (the profile lists one authorisation, 23 July 1991; Internet Archive capture of 2021-12-01); the DIS list tags IGCSE and IB DP. (2) Nord Anglia International School Rotterdam (Verhulstlaan 21), private: an IB World School, code 001114, with the Diploma and Career-related Programmes (authorised 18 March 1999 and 4 June 2025; Internet Archive capture of 2025-06-15). (3) Harbour International School (Graaf Florisstraat 56): a primary school on the DIS list, International Primary Curriculum; the IPC is one of the accreditation bodies the Dutch ministry recognises in Annex 1 to the Regeling aanwijzing internationale en buitenlandse scholen, but this school has no IB, CIS, COBIS or other accreditor entry that was read.

Notes

A verified floor, not a tally: the IB's own country page (Internet Archive, 2021-02-20) listed 26 IB World Schools in the Netherlands and the school finder could not be read, so Dutch secondary schools offering the Diploma Programme that are not on the lists above may be missing. Not verified: the Council of International Schools (CIS) member directory is an interactive map with no static list and could not be read, so CIS and NEASC accreditation, which several of these schools claim on their own sites, is not used as evidence for any school counted. Without Harbour, which rests on the DIS list alone, the accreditor-verified count is 2. Nord Anglia says on its own site it is accredited by CIS and NEASC (not verified). The Japanese School of Rotterdam is a national-curriculum school for Japanese children, not checked against Japan's register and not counted.

Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit (NZa) — Informatiekaart Zorgverzekeringen 2026 (published 15 December 2025): average premium of the 59 basic-insurance policies offered for 2026 ↗

Official source

Data as of

Jan 1, 2026

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

The NZa's average of the nominal premiums of all 59 basic-insurance (basisverzekering) policies offered for 2026 (37 natura and 22 combination policies; no restitution policy since 2025): EUR 158.39 a month = EUR 1,900.68 a year = $2,132 at 1 EUR = 1.1215 USD (ECB reference rate of 2026-10-20). The premiums were announced by every insurer by 12 November 2025 and apply from 1 January 2026, so this is a realised market figure, not an estimate; it is an unweighted mean over policies, not over insured people. It is not a sample of three quotes: every adult pays the same community-rated premium for a given policy, whatever their age or health, so no age or health adjustment applies to a healthy 35-year-old.

Notes

The Netherlands is the closest analogue to Switzerland in this dataset: the basic insurance (basisverzekering, Zorgverzekeringswet) is a legal duty for everyone who lives in the country or works there under Dutch wage tax (Rijksoverheid: take it out within 4 months), it is sold by private insurers who by law must accept everyone, whatever their age or health, and may not ask a higher premium for it (Rijksoverheid), and it is already counted inside the freelancer tax burden. It is a bill, not a choice. It buys more than the criterion asks for: the basic package has no benefit ceiling, where the criterion assumes about $100k. It differs from the criterion's 'small deductible' in one way: a compulsory deductible (eigen risico) of EUR 385 in 2026 (about $432), which covers much hospital and specialist care and some medicines but not GP, maternity or district-nursing care (Vektis glossary); a voluntary deductible of EUR 100 to 500 more lowers the premium (Rijksoverheid). For 2027 the cabinet's September 2026 budget plans EUR 400. Other whole-market figures for 2026: the VWS budget estimated the average nominal premium at EUR 1,908 a year (EUR 159 a month; an estimate made in September 2025, Kamerstuk 36800-XVI nr. 2, table 17); Rijksoverheid states EUR 1,884 a year (EUR 157 a month) as the average premium people pay in 2026, without giving its basis; Vektis (the healthcare data centre of the insurers, not a public body) reports EUR 1,879 a year per premium-paying insured adult over 18, weighted by enrolment and before collective and voluntary-deductible discounts, which is about $2,107. The NZa puts the spread between the dearest and the cheapest policy at EUR 42.10 a month, so a cheaper choice exists. Because the figure here is the unweighted mean of all policies on offer, it sits slightly above what insured people pay on average. Not in this premium: the income-related Zvw contribution, collected through the employer or the tax authority, which in 2026 is a 6.10% employer levy on wages and 4.85% on the income of the self-employed up to EUR 79,409 (Belastingdienst); and optional supplementary insurance (aanvullende verzekering; 163 products in 2026, priced freely by each insurer, which may refuse applicants), for which the NZa information card gives no average premium, so no figure is stated here. For 2027 VWS expects the average premium to rise by EUR 12.50 a month to about EUR 169 a month (Rijksoverheid, 15 September 2026); insurers announce their 2027 premiums by 12 November 2026, so this value is due for re-reading then. The tax schemes use the Rijksoverheid's average of EUR 1,884 a year (EUR 157 a month, the 'geraamde gemiddelde nominale premie' in the Regeling vaststelling standaardpremie 2026); the NZa figure here is an unweighted mean of the policies on offer and is EUR 17 a year higher.

Uitvoeringswet verordening cryptoactiva (Wet van 11 december 2024, Stb. 2024, 415; in force 4 February 2025 under Stb. 2025, 22) and Uitvoeringsbesluit MiCA en TFR (Stb. 2024, 404) ↗

Official source

Data as of

Jun 30, 2025

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Notes

Legal and licensed under the EU's MiCA regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/1114). The Uitvoeringswet verordening cryptoactiva (Act of 11 December 2024, Stb. 2024, 415) amends the Financial Supervision Act (Wft) and the Economic Offences Act to implement MiCA; it entered into force on 4 February 2025 (Stb. 2025, 22: the day after the Staatsblad of 3 February 2025). The Uitvoeringsbesluit MiCA en TFR (Stb. 2024, 404) designates the competent authorities: the AFM for crypto-asset service providers and for offers of crypto-assets other than asset-referenced and e-money tokens, and De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) for asset-referenced and e-money tokens (titles III and IV of MiCA) and the prudential side (the AFM states that DNB assesses the prudential requirements of service-provider applications). The Netherlands used MiCA's option to shorten the transitional period for providers already registered with DNB under the anti-money-laundering rules (exchange and custodian-wallet providers): MiCA allows up to 18 months, but article I of the Uitvoeringsbesluit sets the end at 30 June 2025 (six months); the AFM confirms the regime ended on 30 June 2025, so since 1 July 2025 every provider needs an AFM (or other EU) authorisation or notification. The law regulates providers, issuers and advertising; it contains no restriction on individuals holding or trading crypto-assets, and the AFM says that crypto-assets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum themselves are not under its supervision. For tax, the Belastingdienst puts a private person's crypto-assets in box 3 (valued at 1 January); from 1 January 2026 crypto service providers report customer and transaction data to the tax authority (DAC8). DNB's own MiCAR page returned HTTP 403 to automated access and was not read; the DNB role is taken from the Staatsblad and the AFM.

Composite — euro-area free movement of capital + Wet ter voorkoming van witwassen en financieren van terrorisme (Wwft), article 1f (ban on cash payments of EUR 3,000 or more for goods; Wet plan van aanpak witwassen, Stb. 2025, 262) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Jan 1, 2026

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

Composite, each input read at its source on 2026-10-21. The Netherlands is a euro-area member of the EU, so capital moves freely under EU law and no currency or capital controls apply. The restrictions on personal money flows found: (1) Cash payments. The proposed ban on cash payments of EUR 3,000 or more was enacted, not dropped: the Wet plan van aanpak witwassen (Act of 11 June 2025, Stb. 2025, 262) inserted article 1f into the Wwft, in force since 1 January 2026 (Stb. 2025, 362). It forbids professional buyers and sellers of goods, art dealers and pawnshops (art. 1a(4)(i), (k) and (n)), in or from the Netherlands, to make or accept a cash payment for goods of EUR 3,000 or more, in one operation or several that appear linked; EUR 2,999.99 and below remains lawful. It covers goods only and not services, and the Belastingdienst and Rijksoverheid state that it does not apply to private persons dealing with one another (for example on Marktplaats), so there is no legal cap on cash between individuals. The same Act removed the former EUR 10,000 cash trigger for customer due diligence and reporting by goods traders, because the ban replaced it. The general Wwft due-diligence threshold for an incidental transaction is EUR 15,000 (art. 3(5)(b)). Article IIA of the Act, a duty on creditors to accept cash from consumers up to EUR 3,000, is not yet in force (Stb. 2025, 362). (2) The EU anti-money-laundering regulation, article 80 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1624, caps cash payments to persons trading in goods or providing services at EUR 10,000 from 10 July 2027, exempts payments between natural persons not acting in a professional capacity, and under article 80(3) leaves lower existing national limits in force; the Minister of Finance's letter of 3 March 2026 (Kamerstuk 36228, nr. J) says the draft Implementatiewet would align the limit for services with the existing EUR 3,000 limit for goods (a draft, not law). (3) Cash of EUR 10,000 or more entering or leaving the EU must be declared to Dutch Customs (Douane, page updated 7 April 2026; Regulation (EU) 2018/1672); no declaration is needed for travel directly to or from another EU country. (4) Banking access: a consumer lawfully resident in the EU can ask for a basic payment account at the large Dutch banks if no ordinary account can be opened; the bank may refuse only on listed grounds, such as no genuine tie to the Netherlands (Rijksoverheid). These are anti-money-laundering rules on cash, not limits on moving one's own money by bank transfer. Classified 'low', like Latvia, Malta, France and Spain.

Notes

The Dutch cash limit (EUR 3,000, from 1 January 2026) is lower than Latvia's EUR 7,200 and Malta's EUR 10,000 on listed goods, and higher than the EUR 1,000 limits of France and Spain, which are also classified 'low'. It binds the shop, not the customer's money, and leaves cash between private persons and bank transfers free. Not read: the draft Implementatiewet itself, the attachment to the Kamerbrief, and DNB's pages (DNB answered HTTP 403).

SettleMetric tax engine over official 2026 rules (Belastingdienst — box 1 rates, heffingskortingen, zelfstandigenaftrek, mkb-winstvrijstelling, Zvw contribution; Wet IB 2001; Staatscourant 2025, 40022 for the health premium) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Jan 1, 2026

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

Best eligible scheme = nl-eenmanszaak (eenmanszaak, box 1) at €60,000 revenue with 10% deductible expenses (net profit €54,000), steady state, hours criterion met. Zelfstandigenaftrek €1,200 → €52,800; MKB-winstvrijstelling 12.7% × 52,800 = €6,705.60 → taxable income (= verzamelinkomen) €46,094.40. Box 1 before credits: 35.75% × €38,883 = €13,900.67 + 37.56% × €7,211.40 = €2,708.60 → €16,609.27 (35.75% = 8.10% income tax + 27.65% premies volksverzekeringen AOW/Anw/Wlz). Algemene heffingskorting 3,115 − 6.398% × (46,094.40 − 29,736) = €2,068.39; arbeidskorting on arbeidsinkomen €54,000 (profit before both deductions) 5,685 − 6.51% × (54,000 − 45,592) = €5,137.64; income tax and premies after credits €9,403.25. Zvw contribution 4.85% × €46,094.40 = €2,235.58. Compulsory health insurance at the 2026 average nominal premium 12 × €157 = €1,884. Levies €13,522.82 of €60,000 = 22.54%. The company route (nl-bv-dga) is not cheaper at this size: the director's salary is the whole €54,000 profit (below the €58,000 gebruikelijk loon), taxed in box 1 without ondernemersaftrek or MKB-winstvrijstelling, so levies are €17,381.39 (29.0%).

Notes

The figure is a steady state for a resident below AOW age: single, no children, no other income. Three things drive it: (1) the two non-refundable tax credits remove €7,206 of the €16,609 box-1 tax; (2) profit passes through the Zvw contribution (4.85%, €2,236) in addition to tax and premies; (3) the compulsory health premium is a flat €1,884, 3.1 points of the 22.5%. Variants at the same profile: in the first (up to three) years as an entrepreneur the startersaftrek of €2,123 lowers levies to €12,618.23 (21.0%) (nl-eenmanszaak-starter, not used here because it is time-limited and depends on the person's entrepreneur history); an owner who does not meet the 1,225-hour criterion pays €14,034.14 (23.4%); the BV with the owner as DGA pays €17,381.39 (29.0%) and, if the Belastingdienst insisted on the full €58,000 gebruikelijk loon, €19,594.11 (32.7%) (the BV only starts to win from a profit of about €95,000, before its running costs). The 30%-ruling scheme (nl-30-percent-ruling) is for employees recruited from abroad and is not open to a freelancer; an employee on a €60,000 wage with the ruling pays €11,740.87 (19.6%). The figure excludes the mandatory eigen risico (€385 on care used), the zorgtoeslag (an income-dependent allowance, which can offset part of the premium at low incomes), municipal taxes and VAT (a pass-through; the KOR exempts turnover up to €20,000 only). The self-employed pay no unemployment, disability or sickness premium and have no compulsory pension, so the figure buys less social cover than an employee's. From 2027 the zelfstandigenaftrek is scheduled to fall to €900 (wetten.overheid.nl, version of 2027-01-01).

Statistics Netherlands (CBS) — Moord en doodslag 2025, table 7: victims of murder or manslaughter by municipality, 2021–2025* ↗

Official source

Data as of

Dec 31, 2025

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

CBS custom tables 'Moord en doodslag 2025' (published 27 August 2026; workbook moord-en-doodslag-2025.xlsx, sheet Tabel 7, read 2026-10-21): 65 victims of murder or manslaughter (moord en doodslag, deaths certified as ICD-10 X85–Y09; attempts are not counted) in the municipality of Rotterdam over 2021–2025 (51 men, 14 women; 2025 provisional), which CBS publishes as 1.96 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Reproduced from CBS 03759NED: 65 / 5 years = 13.0 a year over the mean of the five 1 January populations 2021–2025 (662,914) = 1.961 per 100,000. A five-year average because yearly counts for one city are small.

Notes

Victims are counted by where the offence happened, residents and non-residents alike (non-residents were 15.5% of all victims in 2025), by date of death. CBS's rate for the whole country over the same five years is 0.69 per 100,000, so Rotterdam reads about 2.8 times the national level. The 2025 numbers are provisional; CBS publishes definitive 2025 figures in the first quarter of 2027. CBS's earlier release (news item of September 2025, table for the three largest municipalities) listed Rotterdam at 15 in 2021, 17 in 2022, 13 in 2023, 11 in 2024 (2024 was provisional there), so the annual count runs in single or low double digits. The police category 'Levensmisdrijf' (Criminal Code arts. 287–296) records 40 to 345 offences a year across these four cities in 2015–2025, many times the victim counts, and does not separate completed offences from attempts, so it is not used here.

European Environment Agency — Air Quality Statistics (E1a validated), stations NL00485 "Hoogvliet-Leemkuil", NL00488 "Rotterdam Zuid-Zwartewaalstraat" and NL00418 "Rotterdam-Schiedamsevest" ↗

Open data

Data as of

Dec 31, 2025

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

Validated (E1a, verification flag 1) 2025 annual means of the 3 urban-background stations in the municipality of Rotterdam: NL00485 Hoogvliet-Leemkuil 9.483 µg/m³ at 99.87% coverage; NL00488 Rotterdam Zuid-Zwartewaalstraat 9.466 µg/m³ at 99.91% coverage; NL00418 Rotterdam-Schiedamsevest 10.164 µg/m³ at 97.75% coverage. Mean: (9.483 + 9.466 + 10.164) / 3 = 9.70. Queried from the EEA statistics service on 2026-10-21 (calculated 2026-10-17); stations placed in the municipality by reverse-geocoding their coordinates on PDOK's Locatieserver. Urban and suburban background stations are what the EEA itself averages for its city figures (traffic and industrial stations are left out). Same stations in 2024: 8.312 µg/m³ (Hoogvliet-Leemkuil 8.544 at 97.95%; Rotterdam Zuid-Zwartewaalstraat 8.628 at 99.94%; Rotterdam-Schiedamsevest 7.764 at 95.89%).

Notes

Other stations in the municipality (2025): NL00496 Hoek v. Holland-Berghaven 10.121 µg/m³ at 99.67% coverage (industrial, urban); NL01497 Maasvlakte 8.922 µg/m³ at 99.92% coverage (background, rural); NL00493 Rotterdam Noord-Statenweg 9.442 µg/m³ at 99.89% coverage (traffic, urban); NL00487 Rotterdam Zuid-Pleinweg 10.387 µg/m³ at 99.94% coverage (traffic, urban); NL00491 Rotterdam-Oost Sidelinge A13 10.027 µg/m³ at 99.90% coverage (traffic, urban); the mean of all 8 stations, background and other, is 9.75 µg/m³. Two of the eight stations are in the port area, over 20 km west of the centre point (Hoek v. Holland-Berghaven, Maasvlakte); neither is in the urban-background mean. 2025 was a worse year than 2024 for fine particulate matter across the country: RIVM's large-scale concentration maps put the Dutch mean PM2.5 at 8.1 µg/m³ in 2025 against 7.4 in 2024 (+10%) and its measurements rose 9%, which it attributes to weather (RIVM report 2026-0026, Grootschalige concentratiekaarten Nederland, Rapportage 2026). WHO's Ambient Air Quality Database v8.0 (2026) holds no recent PM2.5 row for the city. Above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³, under the EU limit of 10 µg/m³ that applies from 2030 and the current limit of 25.

SettleMetric computation over Rotterdam climate-normals (WMO 06344) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Dec 31, 2020

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

Count of months with mean daily max 15–28°C and precipitation < 150mm, from the 1991–2020 normals: May (17.9 °C), Jun (20.6 °C), Jul (22.7 °C), Aug (22.6 °C), Sep (19.3 °C) qualify = 5. April (14.3 °C) and October (14.9 °C) miss the 15 °C threshold, October by only 0.1 °C. No month exceeds 28 °C (warmest: 22.7 °C) or 150 mm (wettest: 91.9 mm).

Statistics Netherlands (CBS) — Budgetonderzoek (Household Budget Survey) 2020: average spending of one-person households (StatLine 85419NED) and its structure by spending category (StatLine 85420NED) ↗

Curated by SettleMetric

Data as of

Dec 31, 2025

Verified

Oct 21, 2026

Method

One-person households spent €23,600 a year in Statistics Netherlands' 2020 Household Budget Survey (Budgetonderzoek; StatLine 85419NED, 'all spending' for 'Type: Eenpersoonshuishouden', rounded by CBS to €100), i.e. €1,966.67 a month. The 2020 wave is the newest published (the next survey is planned for 2026, with results expected at the end of 2027), so the amount is lifted to 2025 prices with the Dutch HICP from the 2020 to the 2025 annual average (106.96 → 135.86, ×1.2702; Eurostat prc_hicp_aind, all items, 2015=100): €2,498.05 a month. Rent is removed: in StatLine 85420NED actual rentals are 18.3% and the imputed rent of owner-occupiers 13.2% of one-person households' spending in 2020, which leaves 68.5%: €1,711.16 × 1.1215 USD/EUR (ECB, 2026-10-20) = $1,919. The 16 remaining lines (CBS spending categories, with housing split into energy, water and services, and maintenance) are summed in cost-breakdown.

Notes

2020 was the pandemic year: restaurants and hotels fell from 5.4% of one-person households' spending in 2015 to 3.7%, and package holidays from 1.2% to 0.3%, and the price uplift does not correct that pattern, so the figure is more likely low than high. One-person households include pensioners; for singles below pension age CBS shows €24,300 a year for men and €22,500 for women (2020, all spending), which at the same shares and uplift would be about $1,976 and $1,830 a month. CBS counts consumption taxes (motor vehicle tax, water-board levy: 1.2%) and charitable giving (0.4%) as spending and both are kept. CBS has no line for the compulsory basic health insurance premium: its only insurance line for illness is supplementary cover, 0.5% of spending, so the premium is not in this figure. The Rijksoverheid's page on health-insurance costs gives the average premium people pay their insurer in 2026 as €1,884 a year (about $176 a month at 1.1215) and the compulsory annual deductible as €385. A uniform HICP uplift is crude: applying the Dutch HICP of each spending category instead (food ×1.31, housing ×1.36, alcohol and tobacco ×1.50, communication ×0.91) gives $1,900, 1% lower. Eurostat's HBS 2020 for the Netherlands (hbs_exp_t134: PPS 22,033 a year for one adult) is the same CBS survey, but its structure (hbs_str_t224) puts miscellaneous goods and services at 147 per mille against 6.6% in CBS's table, which points to a health-insurance premium in Eurostat's transmission that CBS's table leaves out; the Malta route (PPS to euro at the survey's own ratio) would therefore mix two scopes and was not used. CBS's euro figures need no conversion.